美国专科医师培训制度体系探析及启示  

A Probe into Specialist Training System in the United States and Its Implications for China

作　　者：孟煜 夏人青[1] MENG Yu;XIA Renqing(Education College,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]上海交通大学医学院,上海200025

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2020年第2期99-105,共7页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：2019年度上海市教育科研市级课题(编号:C19124)。

摘　　要：美国的专科医师培训始于20世纪初期,历经上百年的实践和探索,已经形成了较为成熟、完善的制度体系。具体包括3大类制度:组织管理制度、培训与评价制度、支撑保障制度。每一大类又是由若干准则和规范组成,相互交织、协同,共同构建起培训工作的刚性约束与支撑。尽管中美两国在国情与文化、制度背景方面存在差异,探析与借鉴美国的先进做法与经验,可以获得如下启示:完善培训管理体制,充分发挥行业组织的自主作用;与国际通行做法接轨,适时制定专科医师准入制度;注重培训质量,构建科学规范的评价考核制度。The training of specialist doctors in the United States began in the early 20 th century. After hundreds of years of practice and exploration, a relatively mature and perfect training system has been formed.Specifically, it includes three major types of systems: organizational management system, training and evaluation system, and support guarantee system. Each major category is composed of a number of criteria and norms,intertwined and coordinated to jointly build rigid constraints and support for training. Although China and the United States differ in terms of national conditions, culture, and institutional background, the advanced practice and experience of the United States may provide inspirations for China as follows: improving the training management system and giving full play to the autonomy of industry organizations;integrating international practices to formulate the admission system for specialists;focusing on the quality of training as well as building a scientific and standardized evaluation system.

关 键 词：毕业后医学教育 专科医师 培训制度 美国 

分 类 号：R-4[医药卫生] C975[经济管理—劳动经济]