“可欲之谓善”——阳明后学对欲之合理性的论证及其思想意义  

‘The Desirable is Good’:The Approval of Desire in Wang Yangming’s Followers and Its Intellectual Significance

作　　者：刘增光[1] Hou Jian(Translated) Liu Zengguang(the School of Philosophy at Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872 [2]the School of Foreign Languages at Henan University

出　　处：《孔学堂》2019年第4期57-65,I0060-I0068,共18页Confucian Academy

基　　金：贵州省2017年度哲学社会科学规划单列课题“近代中国阳明学的学术史研究”(项目号批准号:17GZGX07)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：阳明后学中出现了肯定欲的思想现象,强调性与欲的相即一体关系,认为欲不可能消除,乃至从道统论的层面上揭示出“圣学以欲始,以欲终”的命题,以此批评自周敦颐以来的“无欲”“灭欲”说。这一思想现象一方面意味着阳明学士人从生命整体的视野来看待人性,基本上颠覆了程朱理学的人性论;另一方面则是从道德价值的基础与动力这一层面上,揭示出了作为价值感受的好恶正是人人所同,这才是通“人我为一体”的理想社会形成之基础。从儒学史的发展脉络来看,清代乾嘉儒者的新义理学以好恶言说性情和诚意,乃至《大学》八条目,正与阳明学重诚意和以好恶言良知有一致之处。Some of Wang Yangming’s followers began to approve of desire and emphasize the unity of human nature and desire. With the belief that desire cannot be eliminated, they even argued that, according to the orthodox Confucian tradition, "the learning of ancient sages begins with desire and ends with desire," and thus refuted the views of "having no desire" and "eliminating desire." As can be seen, Wang Yangming scholars construed human nature from the perspective of life as a whole, as opposed to the Cheng–Zhu School’s theory of human nature. Moreover, they probed the cause and motivation of moral values, and disclosed that people’s likes and dislikes, as a value experience, are common to all, serving as the basis of the ideal society where "the self and others form one body." In view of the development of Confucianism, the Qian–Jia Confucian scholars expounded on human nature, feelings, and sincerity from the perspective of likes and dislikes. Their theories are consistent with the Yangming School which emphasizes sincerity and approaches innate knowledge from the perspective of people’s likes and dislikes.

关 键 词：无欲 阳明学 好恶 通情 诚意 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]