章太炎论宋明理学——以程朱陆王之辨为中心的检视  

Zhang Taiyan on Neo-Confucianism:A Review with a Focus on the Difference between the Cheng–Zhu and Lu–Wang Schools

作　　者：张天杰[1,2] Wang Keyou(Translated) Zhang Tianjie(the School of Public Administration and the School of Chinese Learning at Hangzhou Normal University)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州311121 [2]杭州师范大学国学院,浙江杭州311121 [3]the School of Foreign Languages at Shandong University

出　　处：《孔学堂》2020年第1期35-49,I0040-I0048,共24页Confucian Academy

摘　　要：章太炎一生治学所谓"转俗成真"而"回真向俗",故划分为前后两个不同的时期。前期较少论及宋明理学且评价不高,当受其古文经学背景以及佛老学养之影响。后期则对二程、朱子、王阳明都有较多肯定,至于程朱、陆王异同之辨析,则更多认同陆、王,同情"朱子晚年定论"之说,支持《大学》"复古本",批评程朱《大学》诠释之"格物""新民"二说。然而章太炎并未站在门户分歧的立场,与其"新四书"建构等儒学观一致,其朱、王之争或《大学》诠释出发点都是"修己治人"之学,其中又包含着民族危亡的时代背景。Zhang Taiyan’s academic career can be divided into two periods.In his early years he seldom discussed the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties,about which he rarely gave positive comments,owing perhaps to his educational background in Old Text classical studies and the influence of Buddhism and Daoism.In his later years,however,he made a relatively more positive assessment of the Neo-Confucians,including the Cheng brothers,Zhu Xi,and Wang Yangming.Regarding the divergences between the Cheng–Zhu and Lu–Wang schools,he seemed to be in favor of Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming,approving of Wang’s Final Conclusions of Zhu Xi in His Twilight Years,endorsing the Old Text of the Great Learning,and criticizing Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi’s theories of gewu and xinmin in their exegesis.Nonetheless,he never let this factional difference interfere with his academic pursuits.His attempt to reconstruct the"New Four Books"system,his arguments on the difference between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming,and his own interpretation of the Great Learning,all point to"self-cultivation and personal discipline"during a national crisis.

关 键 词：章太炎 朱子学 阳明学 朱陆异同 儒学观 

分 类 号：B259.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]