“移情”作为正义的基础何以可能?——斯洛特道德情感主义正义观探析  

How is“Empathy”Possible as the Foundation of Justice——An Analysis of Slote’s View of Moral Sentimentalism Justice

作　　者：王建斌 WANG Jian-bin(School of Marxism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学马克思主义学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2020年第2期92-98,共7页Qilu Journal

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划青年项目“行政层级制的价值反思及变革研究”(2015QNZX03);重庆师范大学基金项目“基于简政放权的行政组织变革研究”(16SKPY034)。

摘　　要：“正义”始终是西方伦理学关注的核心问题。很多学者认为基于道德情感主义的关怀伦理仅仅重视人与人之间的关系,而对社会正义问题缺乏关注。作为当代有影响力的德性伦理学家,斯洛特认为缺乏正义的关怀伦理是不完整的。他将“移情”作为正义的基础,认为无论社会制度、宗教、分配、男性和女性在家庭中的地位,还是国际关系都需要建立在“移情”的基础上,如此才能实现正义。道德情感主义正义理论受女权主义发展的影响,被看作是女性声音的体现;它与当代自由主义特别是罗尔斯的正义论具有很强的相关性,都体现了对弱势群体的关怀。然而,由于移情的偏袒性,其正义理论很难做到机会均等,因而受到很大的质疑。“Justice”is a core value of western ethics.Many scholars believe that care ethics based on moral sentimentalism only attaches importance to the relationship between people and lacks attention to social justice.As a contemporary influential moral ethicist,Slote believes that care ethics lacking justice is incomplete.He regards“empathy”as the foundation of justice and believes that whether society,religion,distribution,the position of men and women in the family,or international justice needs to be based on“empathy”in order to realize justice.The theory of moral emotionalism justice is influenced by the development of feminism and is the embodiment of women’s voice.It is very similar to contemporary liberalism,especially Rawls’theory of justice,and reflects the care of vulnerable groups.However,due to the narrow nature of empathy,its justice theory is difficult to achieve equal opportunities and is greatly questioned.

关 键 词：移情 正义 利他主义 情感 偏袒 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]