类型·机能·正当化程序:民事诉讼中经验法则的机理阐释  

Type·Function·Legitimate Procedure: An Explanation of Rule of Thumb in Civil Procedure

作　　者：包冰锋[1] 王悦 Bao Bingfeng;Wang Yue(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2020年第3期101-109,共9页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2016年国家社会科学基金一般项目“民事诉讼间接证明研究”(项目编号:16BFX073);2019年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“违背经验法则的司法认定与救济路径”(项目编号:CYS19150)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：司法解释规定人民法院应根据日常生活经验对证据证明力进行判断,可谓民事诉讼经验法则之所在。经验法则的内涵较为抽象,为使法官在经验法则的运用中,有较为具体的标准,应对经验法则进行类型划分。根据盖然性高低,可将经验法则分为自然律/生活律、经验原则、简单经验法则和纯粹偏见。不同类型的经验法则所对应的机能亦不同,自然律/生活律、经验原则具有限制法官心证的效力;经验原则亦能够成为表见证明的大前提;简单经验法则为间接证明的大前提。在司法实务中,当事人对经验法则的证明,法官对经验法则的说明,判决文书对经验法则的阐释,均对经验法则的规范适用产生积极效用。Judicial interpretation stipulates that people’s courts should judge the proof of evidence based on daily life experience,which is the rule of thumb in civil litigation.The connotation of the rule of thumb is relatively abstract.In order to make judges to have more specific standards in the application of the rule of thumb,the rules of rule of thumb should be classified.According to the degree of probabilities,the rules of thumb can be divided into natural law/law of life,principles of experience,simple rules of thumb,and pure prejudice.Different types of rules of thumb correspond to different functions.The law of life/natural law and the principle of experience have the effect of limiting the judge’s discretionale evaluation of evidence;The principle of experience can also be the premise of apparent proof;the simple rule of thumb is the premise of indirect proof.In judicial practice,the parties’ proof of the rule of thumb,the judge’s explanation of the rule of thumb,and the judgment document’s interpretation of the rule of thumb all have positive effects on the application of the rule of thumb.

关 键 词：经验法则 盖然性 表见证明 间接证明 正当化程序 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]