认知科学视域中隐喻的表达与理解  

The Expression and Understanding of Metaphors from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

作　　者：黄华新[1] Huang Huaxin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学系/语言与认知研究中心,杭州310028

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2020年第5期48-64,205,共18页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：中国社会科学杂志社哲学部主办的“语言、认知与心灵学术研讨会”参会论文,国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语隐喻的逻辑表征与认知计算”(18ZDA290)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：隐喻作为20世纪认知科学的三大重要议题之一,在认知机制的探索方面受到认知语言学、认知心理学、自然语言处理等多个领域的广泛关注。从认知符号学的角度重新审视隐喻的表达和理解,隐喻被视为一种特殊的语言符号。由于隐喻表达的是非字面性含义,所以不能简单地将语形和语义分别对应符形和符释,而需要在考虑认知环境和心理过程的基础上,形成一个多级符号链来完成解读。从情境语义学的信息流观点看,隐喻符号解读的过程实质上依赖于信息的流动,一方面它由特定的隐喻概念给出制约,实现源域与目标域之间的横向信息流动,另一方面由语义场给出制约,实现上位概念到下位概念的纵向信息流动。最后,通过重构隐喻表达和理解的信息流可以发现,隐喻信息的加工突出体现了思维的关联性、整体性、发散性和独特性,且这些属性之间存在着相互作用。As one of the three important 20th century issues in cognitive science,the exploration of cognitive mechanisms through metaphors has received wide attention in many fields,including cognitive linguistics,cognitive psychology and natural language processing.Taking a cognitive semiotics perspective,this paper reexamines the expression and understanding of metaphors,regarding them as special kinds of linguistic symbols.Metaphors express non-literal meanings,so we cannot simply equate linguistic forms and semantic meanings with symbolic forms and the interpretation of symbolic forms respectively;instead,we need to form a multi-level chain of symbols to complete our interpretation while taking into account the cognitive environment and psychological process.From the point of view of information flow in situation semantics,the process of interpreting metaphorical symbols essentially depends on the flow of information.On the one hand,constrained by specific metaphorical concepts,it realizes a horizontal information flow between the source and target domains;on the other,constrained by specific metaphorical concepts,it achieves a horizontal information flow between the source and the semantic field to realize a vertical information flow from the upper to the lower concept.Finally,reconstructing the information flow of metaphorical expression and understanding demonstrates the way in which the processing of metaphorical information highlights the relevance,integrity,divergence and uniqueness of thought,as well as the interaction of these attributes.

关 键 词：隐喻 认知符号学 情境语义学 信息流 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]