宋代书院会讲的两种形态及学术意义  

Academic Significance of Two Kinds of Lectures in Academies of Song Dynasty

作　　者：朱汉民[1] ZHU Han-min

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,长沙410082

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2020年第3期82-87,共6页University Education Science

基　　金：湖南省社科基金重大项目“《中国书院通史》”(13 ZD12)。

摘　　要：中国古代书院的会讲制度,一般是指书院举办的学者聚会或学术辩论。宋代有著名的朱张岳麓会讲与朱陆鹅湖会讲。但是,这两次会讲的目的、过程和结果均不同,是两种不同的会讲类型。朱张会讲采取学术同道之间彼此倾听、相互切磋的方式,以化解学派之间的差异和分歧,最终达成学术共识并推动理学建构的完成,可看作是一种“求同”的会讲;朱陆会讲是两位论敌之间缘起于学术分歧,开展辨疑问而论是非之理,最终形成多元化思想的不同学派,可视为一种“求异”的会讲。这两种不同形态的书院会讲,不仅体现出南宋书院百家争鸣式讲学活动的特点,而且客观上推动了宋代不同学派的交流发展,促进了宋代书院多元化教育流派的产生,具有重要的学术意义。The lecture system of ancient Chinese academies generally refers to the academic gathering or debate held by academies.In the Song Dynasty,there were two different types of lectures;the Yuelu lectures of ZHU ZHANG and the Ehu lectures of ZHU LU.The purpose,process and result of these two meetings are different.ZHU ZHANG's lecture adopts a way of"seeking common ground"by means of listening to and discussing with each other among academic peers to resolve the differences and differences between schools of thought,and finally reach an academic consensus that promotes the completion of the construction of Neo Confucianism.ZHU LU's lecture is like meeting talks based on academic differences between two enemies,which originates from"seeking differences",develops the theory of right and wrong,and eventually forms different students with diversified thoughts.These two different forms of academic lectures not only reflect the characteristics of the hundred schools'contending lectures in the academies of the Southern Song Dynasty,but also objectively promote the exchange and development of different schools of thoughts in the Song Dynasty,and promote the emergence of diversified schools of education in the academies of the Song Dynasty,which is of great academic significance.

关 键 词：中国书院 宋代书院 会讲制度 岳麓会讲 鹅湖会讲 教育流派 学术意义 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]