Replacing what’s lost: a new era of stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease  

作　　者：Yong Fan Winanto Shi-Yan Ng 

机构地区：[1]The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 510150,China [2]Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology,A^*STAR Research Entities,Singapore 138673,Singapore [3]Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine(Physiology),National University of Singapore,Singapore 117456,Singapore [4]National Neuroscience Institute,Singapore 308433,Singapore

出　　处：《Translational Neurodegeneration》2020年第1期10-19,共10页转化神经变性病（英文）

基　　金：This work is supported by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University;as well as partially supported by National Medical Research Council(Singapore):NMRC/OFYIRG/2016/11.

摘　　要：Background Stem cells hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine because they can be expanded infinitely,giving rise to large numbers of differentiated cells required for transplantation.Stem cells can be derived from fetal sources,embryonic origins(embryonic stem cells or ESCs)or reprogrammed from adult cell types(induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs).One unique property of stem cells is their ability to be directed towards specific cell types of clinical interest,and can mature into functional cell types in vivo.While transplantations of fetal or ESC-derived tissues are known to illicit a host immunogenic response,autologous transplantations using cell types derived from one’s own iPSCs eliminate risks of tissue rejection and reduce the need for immunosuppressants.However,even with these benefits,cell therapy comes with significant hurdles that researchers are starting to overcome.In this review,we will discuss the various steps to ensure safety,efficacy and clinical practicality of cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative diseases,in particular,Parkinson’s disease.Main body Parkinson’s disease(PD)results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and is an ideal target for cell replacement therapy.Early trials using fetal midbrain material in the late 1980s have resulted in long term benefit for some patients,but there were multiple shortcomings including the non-standardization and quality control of the transplanted fetal material,and graft-induced dyskinesia that some patients experience as a result.On the other hand,pluripotent stem cells such as ESCs and iPSCs serve as an attractive source of cells because they can be indefinitely cultured and is an unlimited source of cells.Stem cell technologies and our understanding of the developmental potential of ESCs and iPSCs have deepened in recent years and a clinical trial for iPSC-derived dopaminergic cells is currently undergoing for PD patients in Japan.In this focused review,we will first provide a historical aspect o

关 键 词：Parkinson’s disease Induced PLURIPOTENT stem cells Cell therapy REGENERATIVE medicine 

分 类 号：R742.5[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]