三轮车转弯侧翻的力学分析及预防措施  

Mechanical Analysis and Preventive Measures for Rollover during Turning of Tricycles

作　　者：刘道军[1] 吴永[1] LIU Dao-jun;WU Yong(Department of General Education,Anhui Xinhua University,Hefei,Anhui 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽新华学院通识教育部,安徽合肥230088

出　　处：《河北北方学院学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期8-12,共5页Journal of Hebei North University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：安徽省教学研究重点项目:“应用型高校‘大学物理’SPOC翻转课堂教学模式的理论探索与实践”(2017jyxm0523);安徽新华学院教学研究项目:“精品课程-教学方法改革示范课程(翻转课堂)”(2018jpkcx17)。

摘　　要：目的针对三轮车转弯时容易侧翻的现象,进行力学分析,给出科学的改进措施。方法对转弯时的三轮车建立刚体模型,运用牛顿运动力学和刚体转动规律做详细的分析和计算,并和同条件的两轮自行车、四轮车计算对比。结果得出三轮车的特殊几何结构是主要缺陷,是导致易侧翻的主要原因;另外,旋转车轮时的回转效应也是引起侧翻的原因之一。结论结合侧翻时的临界速度表达式,控制三轮车的一些参数可以降低转弯时侧翻的风险。Objective Against the phenomenon that tricycle is easy to roll over when turning,the mechanical reasons were analyzed,and the scientific improvement measures were given.Methods The rigid body model of tricycles was established when turning,and the detailed analysis and calculation were made by Newton's kinematics and rigid body rotation law.The calculation was compared with that of two-wheeled bicycle and four-wheeled bicycle under the same conditions.Results The special geometric structure of tricycle was the major defect,which was the major reason for being easy to rollover.In addition,the gyroscopic action of wheels was also one of the causes of being easy to rollover.Conclusion Combining with the expression of critical speed in rollover,controlling some parameters of tricycles can reduce the risk of rollover at turning.

关 键 词：三轮车 侧翻 惯性力 力矩 回转效应 

分 类 号：O434[机械工程—光学工程]