父母教养方式与3~6岁儿童情绪行为的关联  

Relationship between parental rearing style and emotional and behavioral problems of 3-6-year-old children

作　　者：汤银霞 方红英[1] 杨菲菲 朱瑞 曹月婷 胡秀兰 TANG Yinxia;FANG Hongying;YANG Feifei;ZHU Rui;CAO Yueting;HU Xiulan(Maternal and Child Health Care Hosptital of Tongling,Tongling(244000),Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省铜陵市妇幼保健院,244000

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第5期700-703,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81573168)。

摘　　要：目的研究3~6岁儿童情绪与行为发生情况及父母教养方式的作用,为早期开展心理行为干预和促进儿童心理发育提供参考。方法采取整群抽样方法,于2018年4-6月从铜陵市城区抽取11所幼儿园,共调查在园儿童2 278名,问卷主要包括父母和儿童基本情况、儿童心理和行为情况以及父母教养方式等。结果 2 278名儿童中,情绪症状异常192人(8.43%),品行问题异常214人(9.39%),多动注意不能异常376人(16.50%),同伴交往异常537人(23.57%),困难总分异常233人(10.2%),亲社会行为254人(11.15%)。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、儿童出生健康状况、儿童二手烟暴露、父母文化程度、家庭经济条件、父母教养方式均是儿童情绪与行为的影响因素(P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,教养方式中父亲支持/参与(OR=0.96,95%CI=0.95~0.98)、母亲支持/参与(OR=0.94,95%CI=0.92~0.95)、母亲敌意强制(OR=1.08,95%CI=1.06~1.10)与3~6岁儿童情绪与行为异常的关联有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论教养方式中父母亲支持参与、母亲敌意强制与3~6岁儿童情绪与行为异常关联。Objective To understand emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 3-6 years, and to explore the role of parenting style in the development of those problems. Methods A total of 2 278 children from 11 public kindergartens in Tongling City from April to June 2018 were selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was made up by parents. The questionnaire mainly included: children, basic information of parents and children, children’ s psychology and behavior, and parents’ education style, etc. Results Among 2 278 children, 192( 8.43%) had abnormal emotional symptoms, 214( 9.39%) had conduct problems, 376( 16.50%) had hyperactivity problems, 537( 23.57%) had peer problems, 233( 10.2%) had abnormal total difficulty scores and 254( 11.15%) had prosocial behaviors. Gender, age, health status of the child, second-hand smoke exposure of the baby, parents’ education level, family economic conditions, and parents’ education mode are all the influencing factors of children’ s emotion and behavior( P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that father’ s support participation( OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98), mother’ s support participation( OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.92-0.95), mother’ s hostility compulsion( OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.06-1.10) and 3-6-year-old children’ s abnormal mood and behavior were correlated( P < 0.01). Conclusion Parental support and maternal hostile are related to emotional and behavioral problems of 3-6-year-old children.

关 键 词：教育 方法 情绪 行为 精神卫生 回归分析 儿童 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学] B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]