反全球化背景下美国留学生教育政策的新变化  

New Changes in American Education Policy for International Students under the Background of Anti-globalization

作　　者：姬芳芳 吴坚[2] 马早明[1,3] JI Fangfang;WU Jian;MA Zaoming(Institute of International and Comparative Education,School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631;Center for Southeast Asian Studies/Center for Education Internationalization Research,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631;Center for Hong Kong and Macao Youth Education Research,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教科院国际与比较教育研究所,广东广州510631 [2]华南师范大学东南亚研究中心/教育国际化研究中心,广东广州510631 [3]华南师范大学港澳青少年教育研究中心,广东广州510631

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2020年第5期35-43,共9页International and Comparative Education

摘　　要：特朗普执政后,采取"以美国优先为原则"的一系列反全球化措施。受之影响美国留学生教育政策在招生、收费、实习、毕业滞留、就业等方面都发生了一系列变化,如限制招收相关国家STEM专业留学生,计划增加留学生部分收费项目,加强专业实习项目审核制度,颁布新的非法滞留规则,改革H-1B抽签制度,等等。这些新政比原有政策更加苛刻,直接导致了赴美留学生总数增幅减少,新生数大幅降低;大学整体收入减少,小型私立大学面临倒闭风险;美国企业冒险雇用留学生的意愿降低,竞争力削弱。美国反全球化留学生教育政策与世界高等教育国际化、全球化趋势相背,将降低其高校在全球的整体竞争力。Since his inauguration,Trump has adopted a series of anti-globalization measures based on the principle of "American First",which deeply influenced the American higher education policies.Especially,the education policy for international students has undergone many changes in terms of enrollment,fees,internships,unlawful presence,and employment,etc,such as restrictions on the recruitment of STEM students from certain countries,plans to increase the program fees for international students,implementing more strict OPT review system,issuing new unlawful presence rules,reforming H-1B lottery rules and so on.These new policies are more rigorous than the former ones which have directly led to the following consequences,a dramatically reduction on international student growth,an obvious decrease of new students enrollment,a general cut down of university income,increasing bankruptcy risks among small private universities,lower willingness of American companies to hire international students,and an enervated competence among them.In conclusion,the US education policy for international students is contrary to the higher education developing tendency featured with internationalization and globalization,which will erode the overall competitiveness of its universities in the world.

关 键 词：反全球化 留学生教育政策 美国高等教育 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]