不同机械脱粒方式粳稻储藏品质及其相关性研究  

Study on Storage Quality of Japonica Rice by Different Mechanical Threshing and Its Relevance

作　　者：李玲 李毅念[1] 陈玉仑[1] 丁启朔[1] 何瑞银[1] LI Ling;LI Yi-nian;CHEN Yu-lun;DING Qi-shuo;HE Rui-yin(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2020年第11期299-304,共6页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300908);江苏省政策引导类计划(产学研合作)前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2016060-01);江苏省苏北科技专项(LYG-SZ201812)。

摘　　要：为研究不同机械脱粒方式收获粳稻霉菌量和种用品质的差异性,以手工脱粒收获粳稻为对照组,对切流式、轴流式脱粒收获粳稻进行霉菌菌落计数试验和发芽试验,测定不同机械脱粒方式收获粳稻的裂颖率、发芽性能指标、粳稻霉菌量、糙米霉菌量、全部裂颖籽粒霉菌量、正常籽粒霉菌量。结果表明:切流式与轴流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量差异显著(P<0.05),切流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量超出105 CFU·g^-1,轴流式脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量接近105 CFU·g^-1,手工脱粒收获粳稻霉菌量略高于10^4 CFU·g^-1;粳稻霉菌量、糙米霉菌量与裂颖率呈极显著一元线性关系(P<0.001),决定系数R2分别为0.9082、0.8719;粳稻霉菌量与发芽性能指标相关性显著(α<0.01),粳稻霉菌量与发芽势、发芽率的负相关系数分别是0.917、0.905,粳稻霉菌量与畸变数、幼苗根部发霉数的正相关系数分别是0.896、0.959。从粳稻储藏安全性和种用品质考虑,粳稻优先考虑选择轴流式脱粒收获。This study was aimed to explore the effects of tangential flow and axial flow mechanical threshing on number of mold colonies of Japonica rice,and the correlation between number of mold colonies of Japonica rice and seed quality.In this study,Japonica rice harvested by tangential flow and axial flow mechanical threshing patterns was used as mold colonies count test and germination experiment materials,Japonica rice harvested by manual was used as control group.Glume-opening rate in Japonica rice,number of mold colonies of Japonica rice,number of mold colonies of brown rice,and number of mold colonies of all glume-open and none glume-open Japonica rice under different threshing patterns were measured.The experiment results showed that there was significant difference in number of mold colonies of Japonica rice between the two different mechanical threshing patterns(P<0.05),number of rice mold colonies by tangential flow were more than 105 CFU·g^-1,number of rice mold colonies o by axial flow were close to 105 CFU·g^-1,while number of rice mold colonies by manual were slightly higher than 10^4 CFU·g^-1.Number of rice mold colonies and number of brown rice mold colonies was significant linearly correlated with glume-opening rate(P<0.001),the determination coefficients between number of rice mold colonies and glume-opening rate,and between number of brown rice mold colonies and glume-opening rate were 0.9082 and 0.8719,respectively.The negative correlation coefficients between number of rice mold colonies and germination potential,and between number of rice mold colonies and germination rate were 0.917 and 0.905,respectively;while the positive correlation coefficients between number of rice mold colonies and the number of aberrations,and between number of rice mold colonies and the number of mildew in seedling root were 0.896 and 0.959,respectively.Therefore,in order to reduce number of rice mold colonies and maintain the seed quality,the axial flow mechanical threshing harvesting pattern should be preferred.

关 键 词：粳稻 切流式脱粒 轴流式脱粒 储藏品质 霉菌量 种用品质 

分 类 号：TS210[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]