古代文论的“内听”难题与文术探研--以《文心雕龙·声律》篇为中心  

Discuss the Problem and Methodology of“Inner Listening”in Chinese Ancient Literary Theories:A Focus on Prosody of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

作　　者：胡海[1] HU Hai(College of Literature,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071000)

机构地区：[1]河北大学文学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2020年第3期23-33,共11页Journal of Renmin University of China

摘　　要："内听"难题是六朝文论巨典《文心雕龙》所提出的一个问题,涉及文学创作时声律与构思的关系,是中国古代文论的奥秘之一。"内听"概念当对应"心声""内部表达"来理解,与"内视""内省"共同构成虚静境界的特征。"内听"难题指作者构思时,难以明辨"心声",自如调遣心中的声音符号,及时修正不和谐的声韵调组合,同时做到言能尽意且语音和谐。与"内听"难题相关的文术主要有:一是灵活运用平仄协调配合的规则,和对仗、押韵、双声、叠韵等技巧,调整各种不谐搭配;二是以吟咏、讽诵方法化内听为外听;三是践行驭文之首术,在阅读、思考、书写、对话、自省过程中熟悉常用声韵组合,全面提高语音修养。The problem of"inner listening"is a question from The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons,a great literary treatise of the Six Dynasties,in which the relationship between prosody and conception in literary creation is shown.This is one of the mysteries of ancient Chinese literary theories.The concept of"inner listening"can be explained by the"inner speech"and"internal expression",which forms the characteristics of peaceful mind with"self-thinking"and"introspection".The problem of"inner listening"refers to the phenomenon that writers have difficulties expressing an idea,matching their"inner speech"to sound symbols,and correcting the discordant rhyme to ensure quality writing with harmonic sound.Some methods can be used to address the"inner listening"problem.First,apply the rules of horizontal and oblique coordination in writing,use various writing skills like antithesis,rhyme,alliteration,assonance,etc.,and adjust discordant collocation.Second,transfer"inner speech"to external hearing by chanting or criticizing way.Third,practice the cardinal technique of writing the text,get familiar with the commonly used combination of sound and rhyme in the process of reading,thinking,writing,dialogue and introspection,and comprehensively improve phonetic cultivation.

关 键 词：《文心雕龙》 声律 内听 吟咏 虚静 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]