市售水产品中镉污染状况评价及健康风险评估  

Cadmium pollution status and assessment of potential risk to human health of commercial aquatic products

作　　者：王倩茹 安文佳 蒋宁 陈银苹 陈文锐 WANG Qianru;AN Wenjia;JIANG Ning;CHEN Yinping;CHEN Wenrui(School of Public Health,North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei Tangshan 063210,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Import and Export Technical Measures of Animal,Plant and Food,Guangzhou Customs Technology Center,Guangdong Guangzhou 510623,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学公共卫生学院,河北唐山063210 [2]广州海关技术中心广东省动植物与食品进出口技术措施研究重点实验室,广东广州510623

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2020年第2期201-206,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(201804010500);广东省动植物与食品进出口技术措施研究重点实验室开放课题(2017A09)。

摘　　要：目的了解某市市售水产品鱼类、贝类、虾类、蟹类中重金属镉的污染状况,分析其镉含量的季节性差异,对水产品的镉污染程度进行等级划分,并评估其健康风险。方法采集市售水产品样品1 554份,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定各类水产品中的镉含量;通过描述性分析比较镉含量在季节之间的变化;采用单因子污染指数(Pi)法划分水产品的污染等级;以镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)为参考值,评估水产品的健康风险。结果水产品样品中重金属镉的平均水平为0.116 4 mg/kg;总检出率为45.56%(708/1 554),其中贝类、蟹类、虾类和鱼类的检出率依次为86.26%(496/575)、66.43%(93/140)、32.48%(102/314)和3.24%(17/525);总超标率为1.74%(27/1 554),其中蟹类、虾类、贝类和鱼类的超标率依次为7.86%(11/140)、2.87%(9/314)、1.22%(7/575)和0.00%(0/525);污染等级评价结果显示,蟹类在秋季为轻度污染水平(Pi值为0.36),在春冬两季为中度污染水平(Pi值分别为0.70和0.89),其余种类水产品在各季节中均呈清洁水平;健康风险评估结果表明,在一般消费水平下,不同季节四类水产品的每月评估摄入量(EMI)占PTMI的比值最大为0.35%,而在高消费水平下,EMI占PRMI的比值最大为49.33%。结论水产品中镉超标率在季节之间表现出一定的变化,夏季镉污染最轻;除蟹类存在有轻度或中度污染水平外,鱼类、贝类、虾类均为清洁水平;一般消费人群和高消费人群因摄入水产品而产生镉暴露健康风险的可能性均较低。Objective To understand the cadmium pollution in aquatic products of fish, shellfish,shrimp and crab, analyze the seasonal difference of cadmium content in the above aquatic products, classify the level of cadmium pollution and assess the health risks. Methods Totally 1 554 samples of commercial aquatic products were collected and the cadmium content in aquatic products was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The difference of cadmium concentration between seasons were compared through descriptive analysis. Pollution index(Pi) methodology was employed to evaluate the pollution level of aquatic products. The provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI) of cadmium was taken as the reference value to assess the health risks of aquatic products. Results The average concentration of cadmium in 1 554 aquatic products was 0.116 4 mg/kg. The total detection rate was 45.56%(708/1 554), including 86.26%(496/575) of shellfish, 66.43%(93/140) of crabs, 32.48%(102/314) of shrimps and 3.24%(17/525) of fish. The total violation rate was 1.74%(27/1 554), of which crabs were 7.86%(11/140), shrimps were 2.87%(9/314), shellfish were 1.22%(7/575), fish were 0.00%(0/525). The result of pollution index indicated that crabs were lightly polluted in autumn(Pi=0.36), moderately polluted in spring and winter(Pi were 0.70 and 0.89 respectively), and the other aquatic products were clean in each season. The result of health risk assessment showed that at the general intake level, the maximum percentage of estimated monthly intake(EMI) in PTMI of various aquatic products in different seasons was 0.35%, while at the high intake level, the maximum percentage was 49.33%. Conclusion There were some differences of the violation rate of cadmium in aquatic products between seasons. The cadmium pollution was the lightest in summer. Except for crabs, which had light or moderate pollution level, the other kinds of aquatic products were clean. Either at the general level or high level of intake, the health risks of cadmium expo

关 键 词：镉 水产品 季节 健康风险 风险评估 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]