水系统公共卫生安全保障中的膜过程--病毒截留及其作用机理  

Membrane-based processes in public health security of water and wastewater systems:virus interception and mechanisms

作　　者：郑祥[1] 石磊[1] 张巍[1] 程荣[1] Zheng Xiang;Shi Lei;Zhang Wei;Cheng Rong(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《给水排水》2020年第5期27-34,共8页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07102-002);中国人民大学预研委托(团队基金)项目(19XNLG21)。

摘　　要：截至2019年底,我国万吨以上膜法市政给水系统(含在建)累计设计规模已达到950万m^3/d;万吨以上MBR工程(含在建)累计设计规模超过1 900万m^3/d。在给水系统中,膜对病毒的分离过程不能仅仅视为一个简单的筛分过程,膜对病毒的吸附在截留中具有重要的地位;超滤膜能够对最小尺寸的肠道病毒实现3~4log的截留。在污水处理系统中,活性污泥会快速在膜表面形成由"滤饼层"与"凝胶层"组成的动态过滤层,改变膜对病毒的分离性能。多个MBR工程案例运行结果显示:安装不同孔径膜组件的MBR系统对同种病毒的截留没有明显的差异。膜自身的分离、动态过滤层的截留、活性污泥吸附与生物灭活4种机制共同完成MBR系统对病毒的去除。Today,more than 9.5 million m^3/d of drinking water is being produced in China by using membranes,and 19 million m^3/d treatment capacity applies MBR technology.In the water supply system,the separation of virus cannot be regarded as a simple screening process,and the adsorption of virus by membrane plays an important role in the interception.Ultrafiltration membrane can achieve 3~4 log interception of enterovirus with the smallest size.In the sewage treatment system,activated sludge quickly forms a dynamic filtration layer on the membrane surface,which is composed of "filter cake layer" and "gel layer",and changes the separation performance of the membrane for virus.Many cases demonstrated that there is no significant difference in the interception of the same virus in MBR systems with membrane modules with different pore size.Four pathogenic virus removal mechanisms in MBR systems were:virus retention by membrane;virus retention by the membrane cake layer and gel layer;attachment of virus to mixed liquor solids;and inactivation.

关 键 词：致病微生物 病毒 动态过滤层 MBR 公共卫生安全 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]