思史互动:《中国古代哲学的逻辑发展》的思想历程  

The Interaction between Philosophy and History——Notes on the Logical Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：鲍文欣[1] BAO Wen-xin(Institute of philosophy, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 210000)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所,上海210000

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第3期68-75,共8页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科重大项目“冯契哲学文献整理及思想研究”(15ZDB012);教育部人文社会科学基地重大项目“通过-超过:古今中西之争视域下的冯契哲学研究”(16JJD720005);上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“现代中国思想中的恶”(2017EZX002)。

摘　　要：冯契先生的《中国古代哲学的逻辑发展》有两个重要版本,一是1978—1980年同名课程的授课笔记整理稿(“打印稿”),二是1983—1985年陆续出版的“定稿”。在完成“打印稿”后,冯契讲授了《逻辑思维的辩证法》,方才着手把“打印稿”修改为“定稿”。正是《逻辑思维的辩证法》给予了冯契提出“广义认识论”的直接灵感,进而促成了“定稿”中《绪论·第二节》的写作,从而使得以认识史为中心的哲学史写作得以在很大程度上容纳中国哲学传统中注重“人道”问题的特点。但是,三对范畴(“感性-理性”“绝对和相对”“唯物主义和辩证法”)矛盾运动的认识史框架和“广义认识论”中四个认识论问题(“感性”“知性”“理性”和“德性”)的设置之间,在如何协调的问题上仍然存在着理论困难。由此产生的张力可能是冯契思想晚年发展的动力之一。冯契的哲学史写作以“力求按历史的本来面目来理解”为目标,而所谓“本来面目”,在其真理学说中指“本然界”或“自在之物”,是一个用以表示真理的相对性和绝对性辩证统一的概念。可以看到,出于认识论上的自觉,冯契在勾画中国哲学史逻辑发展的“圆圈”时,理论上的魄力是与对自身写作有限性的意识紧密结合在一起的。Taking The Logical Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy as an example,this paper attempts to explore comprehensively the interactive relationship between FENG Qi's writing on the history of philosophy and philosophy from the perspective of literature and thought.There are two important versions of The Logical Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy.One is the lecture notes of the same name course from 1978 to 1980(printed version),and the other is the final version published successively from 1983 to 1985.After finishing the printed version,Feng lectured on Dialectics of Logical Thinking,and then started to revise the printed version into the final version.It was Dialectics of Logical Thinking that gave Feng the direct inspiration to put forward the“epistemology in the broad sense”,which further contributed to the writing of the second section of the introduction to the final version,thus enabling the writing of the history of philosophy centered on the history of knowledge to accommodate to a large extent the characteristics of“humanity”in the Chinese philosophical tradition.However,there are still theoretical difficulties in the coordination between the epistemological historical framework of the movement of three pairs of category contradictions and the setting of the four epistemological problems in the“epistemology in the broad sense”.The resulting tension may be one of the driving forces for the development of Feng's thought in his later years.His writing on the history of philosophy is written with the goal of“trying to understand history as it was”,while the so-called“as it was”refers to the“naturalness”or“The thing itself”in his theory of truth,which is a dialectical unity of relativity and absoluteness of truth.It can be seen that out of his epistemological consciousness,Feng′s theoretical boldness was closely combined with his awareness of the limitation of his own writing when he outlined the“circle”of the logical development of Chinese philosophy history.

关 键 词：冯契 《中国古代哲学的逻辑发展》 《逻辑思维的辩证法》 广义认识论 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]