女性教育收益率真的高于男性吗?——基于CGSS2012—2015的实证检验  

Are the Returns to Schooling Always Higher for Women than for Men?——Evidence from CGSS 2012-2015

作　　者：杨滢 汪卫平[1] Ying Yang;Weiping Wang(Research Institute for Higher Education,FuDan University,shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学高等教育研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《教育与经济》2020年第3期87-96,共10页Education & Economy

摘　　要：已有主流文献认为,女性教育收益率高于男性,但这主要是平均意义的结论,并没有考虑收入和地区异质性。本文基于明瑟方程扩展模型,利用CGSS2012—2015合并数据,通过均值和分位数回归考察了不同收入分位点和不同地区的教育收益率的性别差异,并试图从就业状态的角度解释其异质性。研究发现:第一,教育收益率性别差异在不同收入水平上呈现异质性。在中低收入水平上,女性教育收益率显著高于男性,然而在收入分布的顶端,女性教育收益率优势不显著。第二,教育收益率的性别差异在不同地区存在异质性,女性教育收益率高于男性的现象只存在东部地区,中西部地区仅在高等教育阶段才有该现象。第三,就业状态的差异可以部分解释上述异质性,只有当就业状态为雇员时,女性教育收益率的优势才显著。该结论一定程度挑战了女性教育收益率优势的传统观点,对教育收益率性别差异的异质性研究以及性别教育政策推进都具有一定启示意义。The mainstream literature maintains that women’s rate of return to education is higher than men’s,but such conclusion comes from analyses based on mean-level income,and is not applicable to different income levels and regions.Based on the extended model of Mincer’s equation,this paper uses the CGSS2012-2015 combined data to examine the gender differences in the educational yields of different income points and different regions,and tries to explain such heterogeneity from the perspective of working status.Descriptive,OLS and Quantile regression analyses establish the following three major findings.First,the gender difference in rate of return to education is heterogeneous at different income levels.At the middle and low-income level,the female education rate of return is significantly higher than that of men.However,at the top of the income distribution,women’s extra education rate of return disappears.Second,the gender difference in the rate of return on education is heterogeneous in different regions.The phenomenon that women’s rate of return to education is higher than men’s exists steadily in eastern regions;and in central and western regions,it only exists for the college-educated.Third,working status may partly account for the above heterogeneity.The advantage of female education rate of return is significant only when working status is“being employed”and not when working status is“self-employed”.These conclusions have important implications as to the promotion of gender equality.

关 键 词：教育收益率 性别差异 就业状态 分位数回归 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]