冲动特质对青少年认知控制的影响——基于双重认知控制理论  

A Study on Characteristics of Inhibitory Control of Adolescents with High Impulsivity Based on Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control Theory

作　　者：向玲[1] 王美霞 刘燕婷 胡竹菁[1] Xiang Ling;Wang Meixia;Liu Yanting;Hu Zhujing(School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学心理学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《心理学探新》2020年第2期143-149,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560282);国家留学基金(CSC201908360245);江西省博士后科学基金项目(2015KY60)。

摘　　要：根据双重认知控制理论,抑制控制分为主动性控制和反应性控制。为了探索冲动特质青少年究竟在哪个抑制控制成分存在不足,本研究用冲动性人格量表(BIS-11)选取了高冲动特质和低冲动特质青少年,并记录了他们在完成AX-CPT任务时的反应时和正确率。结果显示:与低冲动个体相比,高冲动个体在BX试次(主动性控制)上的反应时和正确率以及线索辨别力指数上的表现均差于低冲动个体,而在AY试次(反应性控制)上的反应时和正确率以及探测敏感性指标上的表现与低冲动个体没有显著差异。这些结果说明,与低冲动特质青少年相比,高冲动特质青少年的反应性控制保存较好,但主动性控制能力表现出不足。Impulsivity is a multifactorial construct that involves a tendency to act on a whim and to display behavior characterized by little or no forethought,reflection,or consideration of the consequences.The impulsive level of adolescents reaching the peak at 13 to 17 years old can be used to predict adolescents’problem behaviors.Thereby,the improvement of understanding on the cognitive and neural mechanism of high-impulsive adolescents is significant to diagnose and prevent adolescents’problem behaviors.The present study concerns on the characteristics of inhibitory control of adolescents with high impulsivity by using AX-Continuous Performance Task(AX-CPT)which is a context processing task that permits separate the proactive and reactive control.Proactive control involves utilizing maintained actively context information to prime response selection.Thus,utilization of a proactive strategy on the AX-CPT task will lead to relatively good performance on BX trials,because in this trial types,the cue letter accurately predicts which response to make.In contrast,reactive control involves utilizing cue letter only when needed.Thus,reactive control should result in better AY performance,because in this trial the context information only need be reactivated at the time of the probe by retrieving it from memory.In the present study,30 high-impulsive adolescents and 30 low-impulsive adolescents were selected based on the scores of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale(BIS-11).Their reaction times,accuracy in completing AX-Continuous Performance Test and indexes of signal-detection measures(d’-context,d’-target and biasβ)are investigated and recorded.We observed that there is no obvious discrepancy between high impulsivity and low impulsivity adolescents in RTs and accuracy of AY trials and probe discriminability(d’-target),suggesting that both groups made equivalent reactive control adjustments.However,adolescents with high impulsivity show slower RTs,lower accuracy on BX trials and lower cue discriminability(d’-context)than

关 键 词：高冲动特质青少年 主动性控制 反应性控制 AX-CPT 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]