“贵生”“重己”与“形神”——论《吕氏春秋》的生命哲学  

Valuing Life,Stressing the Self and Body and Spirit:on the Life Philosophy in Lü's Commentaries of History

作　　者：丁四新[1] Ding Sixin

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第4期70-79,166,共11页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“出土简帛四古本《老子》综合研究”(15ZDB006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《吕氏春秋》以“性命”和“精气”为“生”(生命)的本原。此“性”为“生质”之义,不同于道德性的定义。精气说很好地解释了“精神”的来源问题。《吕氏春秋》以兼收并蓄的态度吸纳了性命说和精气说。《吕氏春秋》的生命哲学集中在本生论、贵生论、重己论、形神论和养生论上,集先秦生命哲学之大成。其目的首先是为了全生、身心健康和长寿;其次是为了满足政治的需要,确保统治主体(“人主”)的身体健康和延年益寿。《吕氏春秋》特别注重对情欲(声色滋味和富贵权势)的控制和调适。它提倡贵生、重己的生命哲学,与政治有一定的关系。儒家也讲本生、贵生、重己和养生等观念,但与子华子、《吕氏春秋》的解释不同。儒家肯定“义”高于“生”,而不是相反。可以说,《吕氏春秋》是秦汉生命哲学的前导。Lü’s Com mentaries of History takes "nature and life"and "vital energy"as the origin of "life".This"nature"is the meaning of"origin of life",which is different from the definition of morality.The theory of vital energy explains the source of"spirit"well.Lü’s Com mentaries absorbs the theory of nature and life and the theory of vital energy with an eclectic attitude.Its life philosophy focuses on the theory of fundamentalizing life,valuing life,stressing the self,body and spirit,and nourishing life,which epitomizes life philosophy of pre-Qin period.Its purpose,first of all,is for fulling life,physical and mental health,and longevity;and secondly,to meet political needs and to ensure the physical health and longevity of the ruling subject ("the master of people").The book pays special attention to the control and adjustment of lust(music,color,taste,wealth,power).It advocates the philosophy of life that valuing life and stressing the self,and has a certain relationship with politics.Confucianism also talks about ideas such as fundamentalizing life,valuing life,stressing the self and nourishing life,but the Confucian interpretation is different from Master Huazi and Lü’s Com mentaries.Confucianism emphasizes that"righteousness"is higher than"life"rather than the opposite.Lü’s Com mentaries of Historyis also the forerunner of life philosophy in Qin and Han period.

关 键 词：《吕氏春秋》 生命哲学 贵生 重己 精气 养生 

分 类 号：B229.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]