宋代儒家经典与民间教化——从《四书》学到家训家规的生成  

The Confucian Classics and Civil Humanization in the Song Dynasty:from the Studies of“Four Books”to the Generation of Family Precepts

作　　者：朱汉民[1] Zhu Hanmin

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第4期80-88,166,167,共11页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“四书学与中国思想传统的重建和整合研究”(15AZD032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《四书》学是两宋时期建构起来的经典学术,也是宋元明清时期的官学教材与科举内容,是宋代以来精英思想的体现。同时,儒家士大夫努力将精英的《四书》学整合为全社会的思想,所以《四书》学又从精英阶层走向民间社会,士绅、俚儒将《四书》学大量引入到家训家规之中,使之成为家庭教育、社会教育的共同思想基础。大量家谱所记载的家训、家范、家规,体现了士大夫、乡绅对理学化的《四书》思想的应用,其中包含了崇正学、穷性命、明道德、端心术等一系列向善性引导规范,以及倡导道德教育、自我修身的齐家治国理念,它们其实均源于宋儒的《四书》学。In the Song dynasty,a tradition of classical scholarship centred around the Four Books had gradually taken form.This tradition would come to prescribe not only the pedagogical content taught in schools throughout the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing period,but moreover found its way into the system of rules and precepts to which families conformed,thereby gradually becoming the common intellectual foundation for education both at the level of households and in society more broadly.These family rules,norms and precepts as documented in genealogical records often include Neo-Ruist versions of the Four Books thought tradition suitably condensed by some member of the provincial gentry or rustic local Ruist.To venerate orthodoxy,to fathom one’s nature and one’s lot,to illuminate the moral way,to make upright the mind and its devices,and this type of normative guidance and other such salutary exhortations as were to be found recorded in family precepts,supportive as they were of the upholding of moral education and governance ideals leading from individual self-cultivation through familial order right up to political governance more broadly,which all originated from the studies of Four Books.

关 键 词：《四书》学 宋儒 家训 家规 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B823.1[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史]