民事诉讼证据失权制度的衰落与重建  

The Decline and Reconstruction of the System of Evidence Disqualification in Civil Procedure

作　　者：吴泽勇 Wu Zeyong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2020年第3期282-302,共21页China Legal Science

基　　金：2016年度国家社科基金项目"中国民事诉讼法中的法定证据规则研究"(项目批准号:16BFX095)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：证据失权的要旨在于确立一种独立于社会生活时间的诉讼时间,从而从时间维度化约事实调查的复杂性;证据失权的引入提升了民事诉讼程序的自治程度,有利于法律系统从社会系统中分出。但由于2001年的司法解释过于严苛,且对当事人举证权的保障不够充分,证据失权在我国的运行并不顺利。实证调查显示,作为失权模式之替代的罚款模式亦被搁置,原因是罚款机制不适合逾期举证的规制,在具体适用中无法形成激励相容的局面。为了推进以集中审理为中心的审判方式改革,促成我国民事诉讼程序的结构性变迁,应当重建证据失权制度。新时期的证据失权制度应遵循谦抑性原则,充分关注当事人程序保障,在"期间法定,适用裁量"的基础上进行建构。The main idea of the system of evidence disqualification is to create a legal time independent of the social life time, thereby simplify the complexity of fact-finding proceedings from the time dimension. From this point of view, the introduction of the system of evidence disqualification enhances the autonomy of civil procedure, which is conducive to the separation of the legal system from the social system. However, the Provisions on Evidence in Civil Procedure of 2001 are overly strict, and the protection of the parties’ right of producing evidence is incomplete, so that the operation of the system of evidence disqualification in China is not satisfactory. The empirical investigation shows that the fine model, as an alternative to the system of evidence disqualification, has also been put on hold, because the mechanism is not suitable for the regulation of overdue proof, and is not able to form a situation of incentive compatibility. In order to promote the centralized trial system and help to bring about a structural change of the civil procedure in China, the system of evidence disqualification should be rebuilt. The system of evidence disqualification in the new era should be modesty and restraint, pay full attention to the procedural protection of the parties, and be constructed on the basis of ’time limits are statutory and their application are discretionary’.

关 键 词：举证时限 证据失权 罚款 集中审理 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]