克己与由己——《论语集注》“克己复礼”章意蕴探析  

Denying Self and/or Letting Go Self--An Analysis of the Chapter “Denying Self and Returning to Ritual”in Book Ⅻ of The Confucian Analects

作　　者：王亚中 Wang Yazhong

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100083

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期182-192,共11页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：朱子对《论语》“克己复礼”一章中“己”的理解包含了“克己”“由己”“仁”三个面向。明清以来的学者多从肯定“由己”之“己”的立场出发,反对朱子把“克己”之“己”解释为“身之私欲”。但实际上,朱注对“己”的理解更加全面,朱子除了认识到“己”的积极意义一面外,对于“己”存在的私欲问题也有深刻的认识。朱子之所以能够认识到“己”存在私欲问题,一是从经典解释方面,意识到《论语》一书包括圣人之言、圣人之意、所以进于圣人之意三个层次。二是从义理理解方面,朱子基于性理与形气之私的区分而有了道心、人心和天理、人欲两组概念的区分。另外,“由己”工夫的关键在于心履行其思之职,心官之思本于仁而来,思只是思仁义。“由己”与“克己”二者皆统一于仁之中,仁是“克己”与“由己”的根本价值、根本动力、根本目的。Zhu Xi s understanding of the word“self”in the first chapter on“Denying Self and Returning to Ritual”of The Confucian Analects includes three dimensions:“denying self”,“letting self go”and“benevolence”.Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,scholars have repeatedly opposed Zhu Xi s interpretation of“self”as“selfish desires”.In fact,Zhu Xi s understanding of“self”is more comprehensive.In addition to recognizing the positive meaning of“self”,Zhu Xi also has a deep understanding of the private desires of“self”,as he recognizes the problem of selfish desire.Firstly,he realizes that The Analects have three levels.Secondly,Zhu Xi has a distinction between the two pairs of concepts,that is,human mind vs.moral mind,and heavenly principle vs.human desire,based on the distinction between conscience and nature.

关 键 词：己 天理人欲 道心人心 求仁 工夫 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]