病死猪堆肥高效降解复合菌系的构建及应用效果  

Construction and application of a highly efficient complex microbial system to degrade dead-pig carcass in compost and assessment of its efficiency

作　　者：嵇少泽 勾长龙 张喜庆[1] 王羽[1] 田佳琪[1] 李晨 刘继军 高云航 JI Shaoze;GOU Changlong;ZHANG Xiqing;WANG Yu;TIAN Jiaqi;LI Chen;LIU Jijun;GAO Yunhang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科技学院,长春130118 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100083

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2020年第3期528-533,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0501400,2018YFD0501800);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37);吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH20180643KJ);自治区重点研发计划项目(2017BY082);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190201296JC)资助。

摘　　要：为了缩短堆肥时间、提高堆肥产品质量,从病死猪好氧堆肥样品中筛选能高效降解蛋白质和脂肪的安全菌株,经拮抗验证后构建出病死猪堆肥高效降解复合菌系并进行现场堆肥试验.结果显示通过分离纯化共获得36株具有尸体降解能力的安全菌株,经酶活性测定复筛出10株具有较高蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性的菌株,对其进行菌种鉴定及菌株间拮抗研究后,混合构建为5组复合菌系,分别为A、B、C、D和E.通过比较复合菌系的蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性大小,进一步选择优选复合菌系E进行现场堆肥试验,结果表明堆肥期间对照组和接菌各组(2%和4%)最高温度分别达到约56.3、60.8和61.2℃;低剂量和高剂量接菌组堆肥温度达到55.0℃以上的高温天数均持续约7 d,显著高于对照组的3 d(P<0.01);堆肥结束时,对照组和接菌各组(2%和4%)降解率分别达到78.7%、97.7%和98.0%.本研究构建的复合菌系E可有效提高堆肥温度并延长高温维持时间,加速病死猪的降解.In order to shorten the composting time and improve the quality of compost products,the strains from dead-pigs composting were screened,and a cultured system was constructed using the strains with high lipase and protease activities.Then,the isolates were mixed after antagonistic verification and inoculated in dead-pigs and sawdust composting at different doses.The results showed a total of 36 bacteria with high dead-pig carcass degrading capacity,out of which ten with higher lipase and protease activities were selected finally.The selected isolates were identified through molecular biology techniques.After studying the antagonism among the strains,the isolates was categorized into five cultured systems as A,B,C,D,and E.Cultured system E with strong protein and lipase activities was further selected for cadaveric composting experiment,and the results showed that during composting,the highest temperatures of the control and inoculation groups(2%and 4%)were 56.3,60.8,and 61.2℃.The composting temperature of the 2%and 4%inoculation group could reach 55.0℃.and were maintained at the high temperature for about 7 d,which is significantly higher than those in control(3 d,P<0.01).At the end of composting,the dead-pig degradation rates of the inoculation groups(0%,2%and 4%)were 78.7%,97.7%,and 98.0%,respectively.These results indicate that sufficient amount of inoculation of cultured system E(>2%)could effectively increase the composting temperature,maintain the high temperature for a longer period of time,and accelerate the degradation of dead-pigs through composting.

关 键 词：病死猪 降解菌 蛋白酶 脂肪酶 复合菌系 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X713[农业科学—肥料学] S141.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]