基于史料的20世纪内蒙古牧区雪灾特征研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Snow Disaster in Inner Mongolia Pastoral Area in the 20th Century Based on Historical Record

作　　者：阿斯汉夫 阿拉腾图娅[1] 阿日古娜 Asihanfu;Alatengtuya;Ariguna(College of Geographical Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China;School of Environment,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]东北师范大学环境学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学汉文版）》2020年第4期360-365,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2019MS04011);内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目(CXJJS19143)。

摘　　要：利用1900-2000年内蒙古33个牧业旗雪灾史料,整理出雪灾频次、牲畜死亡数量及牲畜受灾数量,采用熵值法计算出灾度,分析了内蒙古雪灾时空特征。结果表明:20世纪内蒙古牧业旗共发生雪灾258起,雪灾发生次数有明显增加趋势。1900-2000年期间呈现出因发生雪灾导致的牲畜受灾数量增加、牲畜死亡数量减少、综合灾情加重的趋势。在空间上,内蒙古西部地区和东部局部地区以少灾轻灾为主;中西部地区和东北地区以中灾为主;中部地区为多灾重灾区。通过定量分析内蒙古牧区雪灾时空特征,掌握雪灾发生规律,为雪灾的预测及防御提供科学依据。To analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of snow disasters in pastoral area of Inner Mongolia,three snow disaster parameters including the frequency of snow disaster,the death number of livestock and the number of livestock suffered disaster were extracted from the historical record in snow disasters of 33 animal husbandry counties of Inner Mongolia within one century from 1900 to 2000 and the parameters were used to calculate the disaster degree by entropy method.The results showed that 258 snowstorms occurred in pastoral area of Inner Mongolia in the 20th century and the frequency of snowstorms showed a significant increasing trend with the time going on.Although the death number of the livestock decreased in each snow disaster,the number of livestock suffered disaster and the disaster degree overall increased with the time during the century.The analysis of the snow disasters in terms of the spatial distribution revealed that the western and eastern parts of Inner Mongolia were mainly characterized by less and light disasters and it was moderate in the mid-west and northeast region,while the disasters were heavy and many in central region.The research demonstrated that quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics and the occurrence regularity of snow disasters were able to provide scientific basis for prediction and prevention of snow disasters in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia.

关 键 词：史料 雪灾 时空特征 内蒙古牧区 20世纪 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]