国家自豪感对亲社会行为的影响:群体类型和忠诚度的调节作用  

What are the effects of national pride on prosocial behaviors?The moderating influences of group type and loyalty

作　　者：张智琦 朱睿达[1,2,3] 刘超 Zhiqi Zhang;Ruida Zhu;Chao Liu(State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning&IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室暨IDG/麦戈文脑科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学脑与学习协同创新中心,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学神经影像大数据与人脑连接组学北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第19期1956-1966,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0803402);国家自然科学基金(31871094);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA363)资助。

摘　　要：集体自豪是个体由于本群体的成就或与外群体相比具有一定优越性而体验到的自豪感,其核心是对本群体的认同.例如,当我们都属于一个大群体"中国"的时候,中国人的身份就成为了我们群体的身份象征.在我们不断加强的国家自豪感的宣传教育的过程中,中国人本身对本群体和其他群体是更加"亲近"还是更加"排斥"?本研究招募成年中国公民为参与者,采用被试间设计,将被试随机分为自豪、积极和中性启动组.实验1选用情绪图片作为启动材料,采用独裁者游戏和最后通牒游戏范式测量个体的公平偏好;实验2选用文本作为启动材料,采用信任博弈游戏实验范式测量个体的人际信任.改变分配或投资对象为内群体(中国人)和外群体(外国人),并按照《道德基础量表》中的忠诚分量表得分高低,将被试分为高忠诚组和低忠诚组,检验国家自豪对内外群体亲社会行为的影响和忠诚度在其中的调节作用.结果表明:高忠诚组的个体更容易产生内群体偏好.国家自豪启动能减弱内群体偏好,并会增加高忠诚个体的公平偏好和人际信任.未来的研究可区分不同来源的国家自豪,明确国家自豪的测量方式,探究其他可能影响国家自豪对亲社会行为效应的人格变量,并进一步研究国家自豪对亲社会行为影响的心理机制.Pride,according to the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary,is defined as"feeling of pleasure or satisfaction that people experience when they,or others with whom they are connected,have achieved a venerated accomplishment or own something that others admire".It is also an important and positive moral emotion.Previous studies have found that pride is related to prosocial behaviors.In recent years,scholars have focused increasingly on collective pride,which is a phenomenon experienced by an individual due to the achievements of their in-group or arising from a sense of superiority over those of out-groups.For example,for all those belonging to the"Chinese"nationality,this identity has become a status symbol for this group.When it comes to accumulating social cohesion among people,or carrying on one’s traditional culture,one can never overemphasize the importance of national pride.However,the effects of national pride on prosocial behaviors remain unknown.The question then arises,are people more inclusive or exclusive to members of other groups with the increasing patriotic-based education in China?There are certain economic games that are typical paradigms used to measure prosocial behaviors,which were then adopted by this study for data collection.This research recruited adult Chinese citizens for its participants.In Experiment 1,we utilized emotional pictures as priming materials,with the Dictator and Ultimatum Games used as measuring paradigms.For Experiment 2,we used texts and the Trust Game to measure the prosocial behaviors enacted towards in-group(Chinese)versus out-group members(non-Chinese).We then used a between-subject design and divided the participants into three priming groups.From there,we measured their national loyalty using the loyalty subscale of The Moral Foundations Questionnaire and divided them into either the high or the low loyalty group,according to their scores.The results show that individuals in the high loyalty group were more likely to experience an intragroup preference.Furthermore

关 键 词：国家自豪 亲社会行为 公平偏好 人际信任 内群体偏好 文化自信 

分 类 号：B82-054[哲学宗教—伦理学]