两种前处理方法对4种食用菌中重金属含量测定的影响  

Effect of Two Pre-treatment Methods on the Determination of Heavy Metal Content in Four Edible Fungus

作　　者：曾一芳 周志娥[1] 董开发[1] 汤凯洁[1] ZENG Yi-fang;ZHOU Zhi-e;DONG Kai-fa;TANG Kai-jie(College of Food Science and Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2020年第16期165-169,共5页Food Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760488)。

摘　　要：试验采用微波消解法和干法灰化法处理某农贸市场4种食用菌——香菇、金针菇、黑木耳、平菇,然后用原子吸收光谱法测定食用菌中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)。比较两种前处理方法对重金属含量测定的影响,并评价食用菌重金属污染状况。结果表明:微波消解法和干法灰化法对香菇、金针菇、平菇中Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni含量测定均无显著差异,仅对黑木耳中Cr含量测定有极显著差异,且前者的标准误差在0.002 5~0.388 9之间,后者的标准误差在0.002 8~0.582 5之间,实验室应优先选择微波消解法。食用菌中重金属污染状况为铅0.170 8 mg/kg^0.827 5 mg/kg、镉0.047 0 mg/kg^0.337 0 mg/kg、铬0.151 0 mg/kg^1.245 0 mg/kg、镍0.582 5 mg/kg^1.395 mg/kg,黑木耳和平菇中重金属总含量相对较高,香菇中Ni含量最高,平菇、香菇、金针菇Cr含量均超标,平均超标率分别为126.8%、96.9%、89.2%,样品中Pb、Cd含量均未超标。Microwave digestion and dry ashing were used to treat mushrooms,golden needle mushroom,auricula,oyster mushroom,which from a farmer′s market were evaluated,and then lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),nickel(Ni)of the four edible fungus were determined by the atomic absorption spectroscopy method.The effects of two pre-treatment methods on the determination of heavy metal content were compared,and the pollution of heavy metals of four edible fungi was evaluated. The results showed that the contents of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),nickel(Ni)without significant difference in mushrooms,golden needle mushroom,oyster mushroom by microwave digestion method and dry ashing method,the significant differences of Cr content in the auricula was only found,and the standard deviation of the microwave digestion was between 0.002 5 and 0.388 9,while the dry ashing method standard error was between 0.002 8 and 0.5825,and microwave digestion was preference in laboratories. Lead was 0.170 8 mg/kg to 0.827 5 mg/kg,admium was 0.047 0 mg/kg to 0.337 0 mg/kg,chromium was 0.151 0 mg/kg to 1.245 0 mg/kg,nickel was 0.582 5 mg/kg to1.395 mg/kg,The total contents of heavy metals in auricula and oyster mushroom were higher,the Ni in oyster mushroom was the highest content,the contents of Cr were exceeding standard in oyster mushroom,golden needle and mushroom,mushroom,and the over standard rate of Cr were 126.8 %,96.9 %,89.2 % respectively.However,the contents of Pb and Cd in samples were not exceeded.

关 键 词：微波消解 干法灰化 原子吸收光谱 食用菌 重金属 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学] TS219[理学—化学]