虚拟现实技术在医学教育中的场景应用研究——基于79篇实验研究论文的系统分析与元分析  

Research on Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Medical Education——Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on 79 Researches

作　　者：沈阳 郝爱民[2] 孙尚宇 李林[3] Shen Yang;Hao Aimin;Sun Shangyu;Li Lin(National Engineering Laboratory for Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100009;State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Clinical Skill Training of Jining First People’s Hospital Center,Jining 272000,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学互联网教育智能技术及应用国家工程实验室,北京100009 [2]北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室,北京100191 [3]济宁市第一人民医院临床技能培训中心,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2020年第8期107-118,共12页China Educational Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第66批面上资助“AR学习环境设计与进化机制研究:自主学习的视角”(项目编号:2019M660527);虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室委托课题“虚拟现实技术在智慧教育中的应用研究”(项目编号:28500/230200002)研究成果。

摘　　要：近年来,虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,以下简称VR)与教育的融合不断加深,VR在细分学科教学中的优势日益凸显。基于VR的腹腔镜手术模拟器(Virtual Reality based Laparoscopic Simulator,以下简称VRLS)成为VR技术在医学教育中极具优势和增长点的典型应用场景。实践中,VRLS已被许多医院手术技能培训中心和医学院引入,为医学生手术学习和技能训练提供了全新的平台,但从学术的角度,VR应用于医学教学场景中的优势和影响仍未形成统一结论。该研究系统地检索并筛选79篇相关文献,采用元分析方法,重点探究VRLS对于医学教育的影响,研究结果表明:(1)VRLS对于医学生腹腔镜技术水平作用的综合效应值为0.72,使用VRLS教学能够有效提升医学生的学习绩效;(2)对于医学生的学习绩效,VRLS与箱式模拟器、视频训练及传统训练方式相比有较大差异,特别是在自我效能感、深度(空间)感知能力、组织处理能力等维度上效果更为显著;(3)VRLS教学过程中,教师指导反馈对于医学生学习绩效提升起到正向作用;(4)基于效率和基于时间的训练方式对医学生学习绩效提升的效果类似。结合研究结果,该文深度阐述了VR智能技术的医学教育应用场景、策略分析及展望。With the integration of virtual reality(VR)and education being enhanced,the advantages of VR in the teaching of subdivided disciplines have been becoming increasingly prominent.VR-based laparoscopic surgery simulator(VRLS)has become a typical application where VR technology’s advantages and potential in medical education are displayed sufficiently.In practice,VRLS has been introduced by many hospitals’surgical skill training centers and medical schools,providing a new platform for medical students’surgical learning and skill training,while the advantages and influence of VR in medical teaching are still implicit without a generally accepted conclusion in academy.The study systematically retrieved and screened 79 related literatures,and explored the impact of VRLS on medical education using meta-analysis.The results show that:(1)The comprehensive effect value of VRLS on the technical level of laparoscopy of medical students is 0.72.VRLS is able to effectively improve the learning performance of medical students;(2)For the learning performance of medical students,VRLS is significantly different from box simulators,video training and traditional training methods,especially in self-efficacy and depth(Space)perceptual ability,organizational processing ability and other dimensions;(3)During the VRLS teaching process,instructor feedback plays a positive role in medical students’learning performance;(4)The effect of efficiency-based and time-based training methods on medical students’learning performance is similar.According to the research results,we elaborated the medical education application,strategy analysis and prospects of VR intelligent technology.

关 键 词：虚拟现实 智能医教 虚拟仿真 人机协同 元分析 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]