我国果品中农药残留限量标准现状分析  

Evaluation of the current standard for pesticide residue limits in fruits in China

作　　者：庞荣丽[1] 王瑞萍[1] 郭琳琳[1] 乔成奎[1] 罗静[1] 田发军 王彩霞 李君[1] 谢汉忠[1] PANG Rongli;WANG Ruiping;GUO Linlin;QIAO Chengkui;LUO Jing;TIAN Fajun;WANG Caixia;LI Jun;XIE Hanzhong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS/Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit(Zhengzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所·农业农村部果品质量安全风险评估实验室(郑州),郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2020年第8期1236-1246,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院创新工程科技经费项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：农药残留是影响果品质量安全的主要危害因子之一,而农药最大残留限量(MRL)是食品农药残留评价与监管的重要依据,为保障农产品安全生产,许多国际组织和国家均出台了相应的农药最大残留限量标准。我国果品农药最大残留限量标准经过了长期的发展和完善过程,GB 2763—2019成为我国目前唯一现行有效的农药最大残留限量标准。为全面掌握我国果品质量安全标准现状,笔者梳理了我国农药最大残留限量标准的发展历程,介绍了果品中农药残留限量标准基本情况,列举了新旧版本农药残留限量标准主要变化,总结了现有标准涉及果品的农药和MRL规定,并归纳出我国果品中农药残留限量标准主要特征。Pesticide residues are one of the main hazard factors affecting the quality and safety of fruits,and the maximum residue limit(MRL)of pesticides is an important basis for the evaluation and supervision of pesticide residues in food.China’s fruit pesticide maximum residue limit standard has undergone a long-term development and improvement process,and GB 2763—2019 has just become the only current effective standard for pesticide maximum residue limit in China.In order to fully grasp the current status of China’s fruit quality and safety standards,this article carefully sorted out the development process of China’s standards for pesticide maximum residue limit,introduced the basic situation of pesticide residue limit standards in fruits,compared the main changes between the new and old versions of pesticide residue limit standards,summarized the standards regarding pesticides and MRLs for fruits,and elucidated the main features of pesticide residue limit standards in fruits in China.The current standard established 264 types of 9 persistent pesticides for fruits,including aldrin,DDT,dieldrin,toxaphen,HCH,chlordane,mirex,heptachlor,and idrin.There were 2046 maximum residue limits(MRL)for pesticides,of which 364 were temporary maximum residue limits(TMRL),55 were extraneous maximum residue limits(EMRL)for persistent pesticides,and 44 low-risk pesticides including bacillus thuringiensis and pseudomonas fluorescens were exempted from establishing maximum residue limits.Divided by fruit species,there were the most provisions for pome fruits,including 371 MRLs for201 pesticides,including 53 TMRLs and 9 EMRLs.Of the 371 MRLs,89 were specified for large categories,and 282 were specified for individual tree species,accounting for 75.8%of the total limits;next was followed by berries and other small fruits,there were 377 MRLs for 183 pesticides,including 79 TMRLs and 9 EMRLs.Of the 377 MRLs,63 were specified for berries and other small fruits,and 314 were specified for individual tree species,accounting for 83.3%of t

关 键 词：果品 农药残留 限量标准 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]