汉语方言去除义标记的多功能性研究  

A Study of the Multifunctionality of Removal Makers in Chinese Dialects

作　　者：景高娃 夏俐萍[2] JING Gao-wa;XIA Li-ping(School of Chinese Studies,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310023,China;Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院中国语言文化学院,杭州310023 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言研究》2020年第3期46-54,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(19AYY004);第66批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“汉语完成范畴标记研究”(2019M660921)。

摘　　要：与动词搭配表示损失或消耗义的语素统称为"去除义标记"。去除义标记最显著的特征是在非现实语境中只与具备减损义特征的谓词性结构搭配。在其发展过程中,先后产生了移离、完结、已然偏离、持续性完成、完整等多种功能。随着新功能的产生,原有的功能并没有消失,这使得去除义标记具有多功能性。结合汉语史上"却""了""掉"的演化路径,文章推测当与去除义标记搭配的谓词性结构语义发生泛化,减损义特征消失,去除义标记就发展出完成体甚至完整体的用法。虽然去除义标记具有多种语法功能,但其核心语义是"完结",即使有界情状达到自然的终结点,而非任意的终结点。这也是去除义标记与普通话"了1"不同的根本原因。The morphemes which collocate with verbs and express loss or depletion are collectively referred to as removal makers in this paper.The most distinctive characteristic of Chinese removal makers is that they can only make collocation with verbs which have the semantic feature of reduction or loss in irrealis context.In the process of development the functions of the removal makers came into being sequentially:removal,completion,realis deviation,anterior continuing,and perfective.As the new functions emerged the old functions did not disappear,which makes removal makers multifunctional.Considering the development of Que(却),Le(了)and Diao(掉),which historically tend to collocate with reduction or loss verbs in Chinese,we infer that when the semantic meaning of the predicate structure which makes collocation with the removal makers generalized,i.e.they lost the specific feature of reduction or loss,removal makers developed into perfect and perfective.Despite the multifunctionality of removal makers,the essential syntactic meaning is completion,causing the final endpoint of a bounded situation to be natural,instead of arbitrary,which essentially makes removal makers different from Le1(了1)in Mandarin Chinese.

关 键 词：完结体 完成体 完整体 情状类型 语义地图 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语]