教师申诉制度运行的法治困境及其出路  

The Legal Dilemma of the Operation of Teachers’Appeal System and the Way out

作　　者：湛中乐[1,2] 靳澜涛 ZHAN Zhongle;JIN Lantao(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Politics and Law,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871 [2]石河子大学政法学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020年第4期7-13,86,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“公法争议与公法救济研究”[16JJD820001];中国高等教育学会高等教育科学研究项目“高校教师权益保障制度研究与《教师法》修订研究”[SZ201901]

摘　　要：教师申诉制度作为教师权利救济的专门性、基础性制度,不仅因应了涉教纠纷与日俱增的社会现实,而且体现了《教师法》关于教师权益保障的立法原旨。然而,实践层面的实效性不彰,以及理论层面的质疑声不断,也说明教师申诉制度还不够成熟和完善。其核心问题在于,受行政权力主导的高强度影响,教师申诉制度的程序性、中立性、专业性难以得到有效保障,且与复议、诉讼的关系不甚清晰,不利于定纷止争和权利救济的目标实现。鉴于教育行政争议的技术性、权利救济需求的多样性,以及复议、诉讼等方式的受案范围相对有限,教师申诉制度有其存在的必要性和重要性。为了更好地发挥它的综合优势,应当从法律规则体系化、受理机构专门化、申诉程序规范化、处理决定类型化、决定效力明确化等几个方面予以完善,并加强教师申诉与其他救济渠道的衔接,更加高效地回应教师权益保障的紧迫需求。As a specialized and basic system of teachers’rights relief,teachers’appeal not only responds to the increasing social reality of educational disputes,but also embodies the legislative purpose of teachers’rights and interests protection in Teachers’law.However,the lack of effectiveness in practice and the constant questioning voice in theory also show that teachers’appeal system is not mature and perfect.The core problem lies in the lack of procedural,neutral and professional nature of the system,and the unclear relationship with reconsideration and litigation,which is not conducive to the realization of the goal of dispute resolution and right relief.In view of the professional nature of educational administrative disputes,the diversity of rights relief needs and the relatively limited scope of accepting cases in administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation,the existence of teachers’appeal system is necessary and important.In order to better demonstrate its comprehensive advantages,it should be improved from several aspects,such as the systematization of legal rules,the specialization of accepting institutions,the standardization of appeal procedures,the type of handling decisions and the clarity of decision effectiveness.At the same time,the connection between teachers’appeal and other relief channels should be strengthened to respond more efficiently to the urgent needs of protecting teachers’rights.

关 键 词：教师申诉制度 《教师法》 《教育法》 教师权利 教育法治 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理]