屏南摩尼教文书《贞明开正文科》录校并研究  

Annotation and Textual Research of Manichaeist Manuscript Zhenming Kaizheng Wenke from Pingnan

作　　者：杨富学[1,2] 宋建霞 盖佳择 包朗[5] Yang Fuxue;Song Jianxia;Gai Jiaze;Bao Lang

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院人文研究部 [2]兰州大学敦煌学研究所 [3]西北民族大学历史文化学院 [4]淮阴师范学院 [5]塔里木大学人文学院

出　　处：《中东研究》2019年第2期27-65,247,248,共41页Middle East Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“霞浦摩尼教研究”(批准号:14XZS001);国家社会科学基金青年项目“华化视域下的丝路三夷教文献研究”(批准号:19CZJ001);塔里木大学校长基金哲学社会科学重点课题“霞浦新发现摩尼教文献校注研究”(项目编号:TDSKZD17027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：屏南《贞明开正文科》抄本主要内容包括唱诵时所用的散文、经咒、韵文等,为屏南县降龙村文科法师做宗教仪式时所用,内容与《摩尼光佛》有相近之处,应是参考《摩尼光佛》一类仪文而创造的新科仪文书,属于霞浦摩尼教系统。《贞明开正文科》本为释教(瑜伽教)仪文,佛、道意味明显,而且含有大量民间信仰成分,但其主要精神是属于摩尼教的,所请亦以摩尼教神祇为主,故可视作摩尼教文献按霞浦陈培生法师亦操持瑜伽法事,科仪中有告祀摩尼等“三清”的《佛事文检》,考摩尼教之卢舍那实即瑜伽教教主毗卢遮那佛之简称,所谓法报不二也。两教自宋时当亦多交融。就其时代看,《贞明开正文科》应晚于《摩尼光佛》,或为元明时代之遗物,摩尼教自唐后传入中国东南沿海地区,为了自存主动迎合中国老百姓的信仰需求,将佛教、道教和民间信仰因素主动融入科仪书中,该文献反映的正是这一内容。The main contents of the transcript of Zhenming Kaizheng Wenke in Pingnan include prose,incantation,verse and so on.It is used by local magicians in Xianglong Village of Pingnan County for religious ceremonies.Its content is similar to that of Moni Guangfo.It should be a new Manichaean text created by referring to Moni Guangfo and belongs to Xiapu Manichaeist system.Although Zhenming Kaizheng Wenke is a Manichaeist literature,it has obvious Buddhist flavor and contains a lot of folk belief elements.In its era,it should be later than Mani Guangfo.It should be a relic of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,reflecting the introduction of Manichaeism into the southeastern coastal areas of China'since the Tang Dynasty.In order to survive and actively cater to the religious needs of the Chinese people,Buddhism,Taoism and folk belief factors should be integrated into the Manichaean text.

关 键 词：霞浦摩尼教 《贞明开正文科》 《摩尼光佛》 瑜伽教 民间信仰 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]