仰韶村遗址土壤理化特征及古环境研究  

Study on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil and Reconstructing the Paleoenvironment of An Archaeological Site at the Yangshao Village Based on Soil Propeties

作　　者：查理思 吴克宁[2] 梁思源[3] 庄大昌 ZHA Lisi;WU Kening;LIANG Siyuan;ZHUANG Dachang(School of Public Administration,Guangdong University of Finance and Economics,Guangzhou 510320,China;School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;School of Public Administration,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学公共管理学院,广东广州510320 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [3]郑州大学公共管理学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第6期1268-1276,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41907001,41601210)。

摘　　要：分析土壤理化性质以及包含物的特征,可还原古环境和古人类活动类型及强度,仰韶村遗址存在仰韶和中原龙山两个文化、4个不同发展阶段的地层叠压关系,对该遗址的古环境研究将有助于了解黄河流域新石器文化演变与气候之间的关系。该研究在该遗址内选取1个未受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面,对其进行色度、粒度、磁化率、地球化学元素和黏土矿物分析,根据碳十四测年数据,还原该遗址仰韶文化早期到中原龙山文化时期以来的气候变化。结果显示,各气候替代指标变化对应良好。仰韶文化早期,气候增温增湿至稳定,促进了文化的繁荣与发展。仰韶文化中期,气候出现波动,总体向干旱过渡。仰韶文化晚期,气候变为干冷,但古人类有时间和能力去抵抗和适应这种变化,该地区仰韶文化逐渐演变为中原龙山文化。进入中原龙山文化之后,气候加剧干冷,河南东部平原地区的环境优越性开始凸显,该地区文化逐渐衰落。研究表明气候变化是导致新石器文化衰退或进步的主要原因。Prior archaeological excavations indicate that there exist two chronologically consecutive cultures(i.e.,Yangshao and Longshan)at the Yangshao village,and four distinctive soil layers have been accumulated through time.The power of soil properties lies in its ability to discriminate the sedimentary signatures diagnostic of human-related activities from those resulting from natural phenomena.This type of analysis would allow reconstructing the paleoenvironment of archaeological sites,thereby elucidating the complex interactions between cultural evolution and climate change during the Neolithic period along the Yellow River in China.In this study,we selected a soil profile free from human disturbance and examined the features of collected soil samples,including chroma,grain size,magnetic susceptibility,geochemical composition,and clay content.Combined with carbon-14 dating,we reconstructed the climate change conditions over the transition between Yangshao and Longshan.The climate proxies derived from soil properties and carbon dating provide well-alighed climate change evidence and therefore robust data.Our results indicate that,(1)The temperate and stable climate has secured the socioeconomic prosperity during the early period of Yangshao;(2)In the mid-Yangshao the climate has become more volatile with an overall dryer and colder pattern;(3)In the late-Yangshao,the climate has become more frigid and dryer,but ancient humans were still able to adapt to it;And(4)when the Longshan period arrived,the severe climate has forced ancient humans at the Yangshao site to shift their rang eastward toward warmer areas in Henan.In summary,our results have clearly suggested that climate change is a key factor shaping human and culture evolution.

关 键 词：仰韶村遗址 土壤理化特征 古环境 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S153[农业科学—土壤学]