汉语的反事实条件句与非事实条件句  

Chinese counterfactual conditional sentences and non-factual conditional sentences

作　　者：张莹 陈振宇[1] Zhang Ying;Chen Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系,200433

出　　处：《汉语学报》2020年第3期42-59,共18页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“汉语反事实与非事实条件句定量分析与计算”(编号:2019BYY001)的资助.

摘　　要：本文基于语料库,对汉语的反事实条件句和非事实条件句进行研究,首先将条件句语料分为小说类文本和科技公文类文本,然后根据统计结果做了客观的描写.文章把反事实条件句和非事实条件句纳入一个理论系统中,统计结果证明:汉语条件句的事实性是一个有梯度有序列的连续统.以总量数据为比较基准,条件句中连接词和特征标记的功能可分为非事实标记、中性标记、反事实标记三类,它们是决定条件句事实性倾向的重要参考因素.在此基础上,文章考察了时间、情感、频率、数量、人称等语用因素对条件句事实性的影响,运用逻辑“合取”运算,阐明了它们对条件句反事实意义和非事实意义的促成原因.This paper is a corpus-based study on Chinese counterfactual conditional sentences and non-factual conditional sentences.Firstly,the corpus of conditional sentences are divided into fiction texts and scientific and technological official documents,and then an objective description based on the statistical results is made.Counterfactual conditional sentences and non-factual conditional sentences are incorporated into a theoretical system,and the statistical results show that the factuality of Chinese conditional sentences is a continuum with gradient and sequence.According to the data,the functions of conjunctions and feature markers in conditional sentences can be divided into three categories:non-factual markers,neutral markers and counterfactual markers,which are important reference factors in determining the factual tendency of conditional sentences.Based on this,the paper investigates the influence of some pragmatic factors such as time,emotions,frequency,quantity and person on the factivity of conditional sentences,and expounds their contributing reasons by using logical conjunctions.

关 键 词：反事实条件句 非事实条件句 条件概率 语用因素 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]