作为语言关系的国家通用语教育:美国国家通用语教育政策的变迁  

National Lingua Franca Education as a Language Relationship:Changes in American National Lingua Franca Education Policy

作　　者：韩铁刚 王阿舒 HAN Tie-gang;WANG A-shu(School of Educational Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830017)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]新疆师范大学中国语言文学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2020年第4期76-83,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“新疆双语教育有效推进模式研究”(项目编号:16JJD880030);吉林省教育厅“十三五”社会科学项目“沟通媒介与语文学科能力培养”(项目编号:JJKH20170674SK)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究采用话语制度主义视角,对美国近20年语言教育政策领域存在的制度性话语和实践性话语变迁及其相互作用进行分析,以期揭示美国国家通用语教育政策的价值取向和影响因素,并预测其发展趋势。美国国家通用语教育作为一种语言关系,即英语优先基础上的多语共存共生的法定关系。然而,由于美国特殊的政治体制,不同的参与者对这种语言关系审视角度的差异,导致了制度性话语与实践性话语,以及顶层设计与各州探索之间的不协调,从而影响了美国语言教育政策的连贯性、稳定性以及国家通用语的教育成效。从评议教育政策的制度性话语和实践性话语发展历史,以及美国所面临的移民冲击和语言少数族裔群体的英语掌握情况看,美国的国家通用语教育政策改革仍将处于“重建-抨击-推翻”的恶性循环中。This research adopts the discourse institutionalism perspective to analyze the institutional discourse and practical discourse changes and their interaction in the field of American language education policy in the past 20 years,so as to reveal the value orientation and influencing factors of national lingua education franca education policy in the U.S.and predict its development trend.As a kind of language relation,the American national lingua franca education represents the legal relation of the coexistence and symbiosis of multilingualism on the basis of English priority.However,due to the special political system in the U.S.,the differences in the perspective of different participants in the examination of this language relationship have resulted in the discordance between institutional discourse and practical discourse,as well as between top-level design and individual state’s attempts,thus affecting the coherence,stability and educational effectiveness of the American language education policy.From the perspective of the development history of American institutional discourse and practical discourse,as well as the impact of immigrants and the English popularity among ethnic minorities,the reform of American national lingua franca education policy will remain in the vicious cycle of“reconstruction,criticism and overturning”.

关 键 词：国家通用语教育 双语教育 语言教育政策 话语制度主义 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学] G759