加强甲状腺结节及恶性肿瘤的规范治疗  

Improving the standard treatments for thyroid nodules and malignant tumors

作　　者：潘新良[1] PAN Xinliang(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology(Shan-dong University),Jinan 250012,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科/国家卫生健康委员会耳鼻咽喉科学重点实验室,山东济南250012

出　　处：《山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报》2020年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University

基　　金：山东大学齐鲁医院(青岛)科研启动重点基金(QDKY2016ZD06)。

摘　　要：近年来,甲状腺结节和甲状腺癌的发病率逐渐增高。针对甲状腺结节和甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗技术快速发展,分子生物学检测手段成为甲状腺恶性肿瘤诊断的重要补充,为临床决策提供了更多有价值的信息。新的治疗方式不断出现,比如颈外径路腔镜辅助甲状腺手术以及机器人手术,很大程度上满足了患者对于美观的诉求。与此同时,越来越多的争议和讨论相应出现,如射频消融技术在甲状腺结节中的应用价值、分化型甲状腺癌的切除范围、预防性中央区淋巴结清扫的指征、侧颈淋巴结清扫的范围、放射性碘治疗的指征等。将理论研究与临床实践相结合,讨论并概述了甲状腺结节与甲状腺癌的疾病特点、诊断、治疗、随访等环节的争议热点和最新进展,为该类疾病的临床管理提供方法和思路。The incidence of thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma has increased remarkably in recent years.Similarly,diagnostic and treatment technologies have also developed quickly.Molecular biology techniques—which supplement the diagnostic process—can offer significant information to aid with clinical decision making.External cervical approaches and robotic surgery have improved the aesthetic outcomes of surgery.Meanwhile,there is an ongoing debate as to how to best manage the disease.Some researchers have expressed skepticism toward the value of radiofrequency ablation.Others have argued over the extension and indications for both central and lateral neck dissection procedures.Additionally,there is no consensus on indications for radioiodine therapy.The article integrates recent theoretical research and clinical practice to summarize the character,diagnosis,treatments,follow-up strategies,and other topics related to thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma.The objective of this work is to provide ideas and techniques to improve clinical management of patients with these conditions.

关 键 词：甲状腺结节 分化型甲状腺癌 甲状腺未分化癌 射频消融 机器人手术 颈外径路 放射性碘治疗 

分 类 号：R739.91[医药卫生—肿瘤]