从奥巴马到特朗普:美国对外教育援助战略的“变”与“不变”——以美国国际开发署为例  

From Obama to Trump:The"Change"and"Unchanged"of U.S.Foreign Aid Strategy in Education——A Case of USAID

作　　者：苏洋[1] 刘宝存[1] SU Yang;LIU Baocun(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2020年第8期65-72,共8页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：2019年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“‘一带一路’国家与区域教育体系研究”(项目编号:19JZD052)研究成果。

摘　　要：美国是第二次世界大战后最早开展大规模对外援助的国家,从奥巴马政府到特朗普政府,以其专门的对外援助机构美国国际开发署为代表开展的对外教育援助战略,在过去十余年间经历了从"民主输出"到"利益优先"、从强调公平到愈发关注教育质量的转变。美国对外教育援助战略在援助理念、指导原则以及援助目标与措施等方面逐渐形成了一些相对统一的价值取向,包括始终以实现本国利益为中心;围绕国家战略和国际形势不断进行调整与转变;合作伙伴日趋多样化;及时评价援助效果,不断调整教育援助战略。The United States is the first country to start massive foreign aid after the World War II,and USAID is the special institution of foreign aid under the guidance of American government.From Obama to Trump,the U.S.foreign education aid strategy has undergone a transformation in the past decade from"democratic export"to"benefit first"and from an emphasis on fairness to an increasing focus on the quality of education.On the other hand,the educational assistance of USAID has gradually formed some relatively unified value orientation in this process,including always taking the realization of national interests as its own responsibility;constantly adjusting in light of the changes of national strategy and international situation;increasing diversity of partners;evaluating aid effects in time and adjusting education aid strategy constantly.

关 键 词：美国国际开发署 对外教育援助 教育援助战略 

分 类 号：G510.712[文化科学—教育学]