美国职业教育“振兴技能”的政策衍变及经验启示  

Policy Evolution of “Revitalizing Skills” Through Vocational Education in America and Its Experience Enlightenments

作　　者：桑雷[1] Sang Lei(Jiangsu Vocational College of Finance and Economics,Huaian 223003)

机构地区：[1]江苏财经职业技术学院,淮安223003

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2020年第21期64-67,共4页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度教育部青年课题“新工业革命时代高职学生职业核心素养评价与发展研究”(EJA180468),主持人:桑雷。

摘　　要：美国"再工业化"战略的提出旨在重振先进制造业、重塑全球竞争优势,需要大量技能人才的智力支持和技术保障,但在一定程度上存在的"技能鸿沟",催生了职业教育的改革要求。从奥巴马政府到特朗普政府,都把职业教育和培训作为其执政期间宏观教育政策制定和调整的重要考量因素,对相关的职业教育法案进行修订,加强对于技能人才培养的投资,并强调技能人才培养与企业建立紧密的合作关系。其对我国转型期职业教育的改革发展具有一定的经验启示:要进一步健全和完善职业教育法律政策体系,加快职业教育财政拨款机制改革,优化适应经济转型的现代职教体系,推进职业教育产学研合作深化升级。The "reindustrialization" strategy proposed by American government is aimed at revitalizing advanced manufacturing industry and reshaping global competitive advantage, which requires the intellectual support and technical guarantee of skilled talents. However, the"skills gap"to some extent also generates reform requirements of vocational education. The Obama Administration and the Trump Administration have taken the vocational education and training into consideration when making and adjusting macro education policies, revised the laws relevant to vocational education, strengthened the investment for training of skills personnel, and emphasized the close cooperation between schools and enterprises in skills personnel training. These can also make good inspiration to vocational education reform in China especially during the transitional period: further improving and perfecting law and policy system of vocational education, to speeding up the reform of financial allocation mechanism of vocational education, optimizing the modern vocational education system to adapt to the economic transformation, and promoting the deepening and upgrading of industry-university-research cooperation.

关 键 词：职业教育 振兴技能 政策衍变 再工业化战略 

分 类 号：G719.712[文化科学—职业技术教育学]