防污漆活性物质敌草隆和辣椒素对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应  

Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia magna of Diuron and Capsaicin Used in Antifouling Paints

作　　者：陈进林 许玉洁[1,2,3,4] 高亮 蔡佳宏 梁嘉慧[1,2,3,4] 余明喧 肖亿金 陈桂兰 冯宝欣 霍嘉维 梅承芳[1,2,3,4] 曾国驱 Chen Jinlin;Xu Yujie;Gao Liang;Cai Jiahong;Liang Jiahui;Yu Mingxuan;Xiao Yijin;Chen Guilan;Feng Baoxin;Huo Jiawei;Mei Chengfang;Zeng Guoqu(Guangdong Institute of Microbiology,Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510070,China;State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China,Guangzhou 510070,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application,Guangzhou 510070,China;Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology,Guangzhou 510070,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省微生物研究所,广东省微生物分析检测中心,广东省科学院,广州510070 [2]华南应用微生物国家重点实验室,广州510070 [3]广东省菌种保藏与应用重点实验室,广州510070 [4]广东省微生物应用新技术公共实验室,广州510070

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2020年第3期90-99,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目“化学品健康危害快速分级与确证技术研究”(2017YFF0211200);广州市科技计划资助项目“生活污水厂出水中OMPs毒害风险的同步多级快速检测与评估”(201707010162);广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(2019B110205004);广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动专项资金资助项目(2020GDASYL-20200301003)。

摘　　要：敌草隆是一种典型的常用防污漆活性物质,辣椒素是一种新型的天然防污漆活性物质。为比较两者对水生甲壳动物的急性和慢性毒性,以大型溞(Daphnia magna)为受试生物,通过急性毒性实验和慢性毒性实验,研究敌草隆和辣椒素对大型溞的致死性和对其初次生殖时间、总生殖胎数、体长和产幼溞数量等生物学指标的影响,建立浓度-效应关系,筛选最敏感的生物学指标。急性毒性实验结果表明,敌草隆对大型溞活动抑制的48 h半数效应浓度(EC50)为17.1 mg·L^-1,辣椒素对大型溞的48 h-EC50为12.4 mg·L^-1。慢性毒性实验结果表明,所有被观察的生物学指标均呈现显著的毒性响应,大型溞各项生物学指标对敌草隆的敏感性依次为幼溞数量>初次生殖时间>体长>总生殖胎数,大型溞各项生物学指标对辣椒素敏感性依次为幼溞数量>体长>总生殖胎数>初次生殖时间。计算敌草隆对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC10为0.830 mg·L^-1,辣椒素对大型溞繁殖抑制的21 d-EC10为1.63 mg·L^-1。辣椒素具有快速生物降解性,对大型溞繁殖抑制的EC10>1 mg·L^-1,根据《化学品分类和标签规范第28部分:对水生环境的危害》(GB 30000.28—2013)分类要求,可认为辣椒素没有长期水生危害,体现了较好的环境友好性潜力。Diuron is a biocidal active substance commonly and typically used in antifouling paints,and capsaicin is a new-type of natural products used for antifouling paints.To evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of diuron and capsaicin on aquatic organism,Daphnia magna was selected as a model test organism.Based on the toxicity effects on fatality,time of the first reproduction,number of brood per female,body length,number of total offspring in acute and chronic test,a dose-response relationship was established and the most sensitive biological indices were proposed.The acute toxicity test showed that the 48 h-EC50 of diuron to Daphnia magna was 17.1 mg·L^-1,the 48 h-EC50 of capsaicin to Daphnia magna was 12.4 mg·L^-1.The chronic toxicity test showed that there were signifi-cant effects on all observed biological indices.The sensitive biological indices for diuron from strong to weak were number of total offspring>time of the first reproduction>body length>number of brood per female,and the sensitive biological indices for capsaicin from strong to weak were number of total offspring>body length>number of brood per female>time of the first reproduction.Based on the number of total offspring,the 21 d-EC10 of diuron was calculated to be 0.830 mg·L^-1,the 21d-EC10 of capsaicin was 1.63 mg·L^-1.Capsaicin was readily biodegradable and its EC10 of reproduction to Daphnia magna was greater than 1 mg·L^-1.According to the“Rules for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals—Part 28:Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment”(GB 30000.28—2013),capsaicin can be considered to have low chronic risk for aquatic environment and an environment-friendly potential.

关 键 词：敌草隆 辣椒素 大型溞 急性毒性 慢性毒性 环境友好性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]