2010-2018年四川省有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件分析  

Foodborne disease outbreaks of poisonous animals and plants in Sichuan,2010-2018

作　　者：陈文[1] 兰真[1] 程刚[1] CHEN Wen;LAN Zhen;CHENG Gang(Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第17期3092-3095,3132,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解四川省有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件的发生规律及流行病学特点,为制定相应的预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法对2010-2018年食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果2010-2018年全省共报告有毒动植物性食源性疾病暴发事件151起,发病1020人,死亡8人,病死率为0.78%,年平均发病率为每百万人口1.4人;5月事件数最多,占21.19%,成都市的事件数最多,占19.87%,雅安市年平均发病率最高为每百万人口8.1人;家庭是主要的疾病暴发场所,占51.66%;引起有毒植物中毒前三位的是豆类、曼陀罗和桐油与油桐籽,分别占21.19%、13.25%和11.26%,川乌草乌附子的死亡人数最多,占25.00%;引起有毒动物中毒最多的是织纹螺,占1.32%,河豚鱼干的死亡人数最多,占37.50%;主要引发事件的环节和因素分别是自采(54.76%)和误食误用(67.97%)。结论要在重点季节加强对重点地区、重点人群的健康教育,相关部门要加强市场监管,通过培训提高医务工作者抢救有毒动植物中毒患者的能力。Objective To understand the regularity and epidemiological characteristic of the outbreaks of poisonous animal and plant foodborne diseases,so as to provide a scientific basis for disease control and prevention.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks of poisonous animal and plant foodborne diseases from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2010 to 2018 was analyzed by a descriptive method.Results From 2010 to 2018,151 events,1020 cases and 8 deaths of poisonous animal and plant foodborne diseases were reported in Sichuan Province,the fatality rate was 0.78%,and the annual average incidence was 1.4 per million population.May had the most events accounted for 21.19%,Chengdu City had the most events accounted for 19.87%,the highest annual average incidence in Ya’an City was 8.1 per million population.The main outbreak site was family accounted for 51.66%,the top three toxic plants were beans,datura,tung oil and tung oil seeds,accounted for 21.19%,13.25%and 11.26%,respectively.Monkshood caused the most death toll,accounted for 25.00%,the most toxic animal was nassariidae,accounted for 1.32%,dried puffer fish caused the most death toll,accounted for 37.50%,the main link and factors that caused the events were self-mining(54.76%)and eating by mistake(67.97%),respectively.Conclusion Health education should be strengthened in key areas and groups in key seasons,relevant departments should strengthen the market supervision,the ability of medical workers to rescue the patients with toxic animal and plant should be improved through training.

关 键 词：有毒动植物 食源性疾病暴发 四川 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R181.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]