冯友兰中国哲学视域中的《大乘起信论》研究  

Feng Youlan s Research on The Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna in the Perspective of Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：刘成有[1] Liu Chengyou

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院

出　　处：《哲学动态》2020年第8期26-32,127,共8页Philosophical Trends

摘　　要：在冯友兰的中国哲学视域中,中国佛教哲学特色鲜明,义理深刻。在梳理中国佛教“格义”“教门”“宗门”三个发展阶段的基础上,他重点分析了印度佛教与中国佛教在哲学思想上的根本差异。在他看来,印度主流佛教及其传入中国后衍化而成的三论宗、唯识宗乃至神秀禅宗,其哲学思想属于“主观唯心主义”;而具有鲜明中国化特征且为中国佛教发展主流的佛教宗派——天台宗、华严宗、慧能禅宗等,其哲学思想则属于“客观唯心主义”。中国化佛教宗派的哲学思想之核心,几乎都奠基于《大乘起信论》之“众生心”即“宇宙的心”概念及其思辨结构。这一“宇宙的心”的哲学思想及其展开对后来宋代理学的兴起也产生了重要影响。Feng Youlan held that Chinese Buddhist philosophy is unique and of great significance.He mainly focused on the fundamental differences between the philosophy of Indian and Chinese Buddhism.In his view,mainstream Indian Buddhist thought together with the Chinese schools,such as the Three Treatise School,the Consciousness-only School,and Shenxiu s Zen can be categorized as“subjective idealism”.Other schools of Buddhism in China with notable Chinese characteristics(namely Tiantai,Huayan,and Huineng s Zen)can be categorized as“objective idealism”.This paper analyzes Feng s claims that the philosophical core of Chinese Buddhism is founded on the concept and speculative structure of“Universal Mind”in The Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna.The philosophical thought of“Universal Mind”and its development has a profound influence on the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：《大乘起信论》 中国佛教哲学 主观唯心主义 客观唯心主义 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]