黑格尔自我意识的辩证进路及其批判  

On the Dialectical Approach and Criticism of Hegel’s Self-consciousness

作　　者：潘斌[1] PAN Bin(Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University,Shanghai,China,200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系,上海200241

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期36-43,共8页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部规划项目“青年马克思的黑格尔转向研究”(19YJA710029);上海市哲社规划项目“本源与超越:黑格尔与马克思思想传承关系再研究”(2017BZX010)。

摘　　要：自我意识是黑格尔《精神现象学》的核心问题,它是告别意识而步入理性精神的过渡阶段与中介环节。面对纯粹思维与个体性如何统一的难题,斯多亚主义无视个体性存在而直接返回自我内心世界,怀疑主义则在承认外在他者的前提下又不断否定他者,最终陷入“为了怀疑而怀疑”的二元论、不可知论。虽然苦恼意识自觉地意识到并努力融合两极之间的差异,包括宗教神秘主义转向的努力尝试,但仍无法克服自我意识的同一性难题。马克思批判了黑格尔从逻各斯中心主义立场来实现理性自我和解的做法,强调从现实生活世界出发并从实践的途径克服与扬弃苦恼意识的苦恼,并在此基础上创立了唯物史观,实现了哲学革命。Self-consciousness is the core issue of Hegel’s Spiritual Phenomenology.It is the transitional stage and intermediary link to leave the consciousness and step into the spirit.Faced with the problem of how to unify pure thinking and individuality,Stoicism ignores the existence of individuality and returns directly to the inner world of self.On the premise of acknowledging the external other,skepticism constantly denies the other,and eventually falls into dualism and agnosticism of“doubt for doubt”.Although the distressed consciousness consciously realized and tried to merge the differences between the two poles,including the efforts of religious mysticism transfer,it was still unable to overcome the identity problem of self-consciousness.Marx criticized Hegel’s approach to achieve rational self-reconciliation from the standpoint of Logicism,emphasizing the overcoming and transcending of the distressed consciousness from the real-life world and from the practical way,and on this basis,he created historical materialism,realizing a philosophical revolution.

关 键 词：自我意识 斯多亚主义 怀疑主义 苦恼意识 

分 类 号：B516.35[哲学宗教—外国哲学]