从依附走向自主——学术资本运营视角的创业型大学兴起之路  

From Dependence to Independence:The Rise of Entrepreneurial Universities from the Perspective of Academic Capital Operation

作　　者：胡钦晓[1,2] Hu Qinxiao(Qufu Normal University,and professor of the Faculty of Education,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学,山东曲阜273165 [2]曲阜师范大学教育学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《教育研究》2020年第8期96-111,共16页Educational Research

摘　　要：学术资本与创业型大学有着密切关联。正是基于学术资本的运营,传统型大学才得以逐步摆脱对发展资源尤其是资金的外部依附状态,生成为自力更生的创业型大学。以学术资本运营的视角,系统梳理从传统型大学被动资源依附,到创业型大学学术资本转换的行动自觉历程,可以发现,创业型大学的兴起是高等教育发展到特定时期的历史必然。无论是以教学为主,还是以研究为主的学术资本转换,创业型大学都具有追求自主创业、强调多元共济、旨在发展学术、避免商业侵蚀、履行责任担当的组织特点。正是这些组织特点使一部分大学在创业历程中不仅没有陷入学术资本主义的泥沼,反而发展成为更加自治、追求卓越的创业型大学。对我国而言,实现高等教育强国的目标,既需要政府为大学不断注入资金并给予一定程度上的自主,也需要大学主动借鉴并养成创业型大学的特征和精神,应对多元诉求,致力发展学术。Academic capital is closely related to entrepreneurial universities.Based on the operation of academic capital,traditional universities can gradually eliminate the external dependence on development resources,especially capital,and become self-reliant entrepreneurial universities.From the perspective of academic capital operation,this paper reviews the process from traditional universities'passive dependence on resources to entrepreneurial universities'transformation of academic capital.The author discovers that the rise of entrepreneurial universities is a historical necessity for the development of higher education in a specific period.Whether the transformation of academic capital is mainly based on teaching or research,entrepreneurial universities are organizationally featured by pursuing independent entrepreneurship,emphasizing diversity,aiming at academic development,avoiding commercial erosion,and fulfilling responsibilities.This makes some universities get out of the mire of academic capitalism,and develop into more autonomous and outstanding entrepreneurial universities.To achieve the goal of building a powerful country through higher education,the Chinese government needs to continuously invest capital in universities and give them a certain degree of autonomy,whereas universities need to absorb and cultivate the features and spirit of entrepreneurial universities,meet diverse demands,and strive to develop academic research.

关 键 词：学术资本 创业型大学 学术资本主义 美国 英国 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] F279.2[文化科学—教育学]