凸包非光滑表面高速列车气动阻力及噪声研究  

Research on Aerodynamic Resistance and Noise of High-Speed Train with Convex Non-Smooth Surface

作　　者：朱海燕 胡华涛 尹必超 Zhu Haiyan;Hu Huatao;Yin Bichao(School of Mechatronics&Vehicle Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学机电与车辆工程学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《华东交通大学学报》2020年第4期88-95,共8页Journal of East China Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51665015);江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAB206025);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ170368)。

摘　　要：为减少高速列车在运行中的气动阻力及噪声,提高列车运行效率、节约能耗,提升旅客乘坐舒适度,提出凸包非光滑表面减阻技术应用于高速列车领域。以CRH3型高速列车为研究对象,通过在车体的头部和尾部加设凸包来控制湍流特性,以达到减阻、降噪效果。首先,利用PRO/Engineer建立非光滑表面CRH3高速列车简化模型,采用ICEM CFD软件对模型划分非结构网格;其次,应用Fluent流体仿真软件基于标准模型对稳态运行速度为300 km/h时的列车进行仿真计算空气阻力;最后,利用宽频带噪声模拟气动性能良好的列车外表面噪声。结果显示:将间距为460 mm、半径为40 mm、高度为10 mm的凸包阵列结构布设在前挡风玻璃周围对减小气动阻力有积极作用,阻力值为3715 N,减阻率为1.77%,而此参数凸包非光滑对列车裙板上缘有普遍降噪效果,最大降噪率为1.72%,而对车鼻处及车顶部则会增加噪声。研究表明,通过在头车加设凸包可以改变边界层湍流特性达到减小列车气动阻力及降低部分位置气动噪声的效果。In order to reduce the aerodynamic drag and noise of high-speed trains in operation,improve the train operation efficiency,save energy consumption and improve the comfort of passengers,the convex hull non-smooth surface drag reduction technology is applied to the field of high-speed trains in this paper.Taking the CRH3 high-speed train as the research object,the turbulence characteristics are controlled by adding convex hulls at the head and tail of the car body to achieve the effects of drag reduction and noise reduction.Firstly,the simplified model of non-smooth surface CRH3 high-speed train was built by PRO/Engineer.The model was divided into unstructured grids by ICEM CFD software.Then the fluent fluid simulation was used to simulate the train with steady-state running speed of 300 km/h based on the standard model to calculate the air resistance.Finally,the train with good aerodynamic performance is simulated by using broad band noise.The results show that the convex hull array structure with a pitch of 460 mm,a radius of 40mm and a height of 10 mm around the wind screen has a positive effect on reducing the aerodynamic drag.The resistance value is 3715 N,and the drag reduction rate is 1.77%.The parameter convex hull is non-smooth and has a general noise reduction effect on the upper edge of the train skirt,with the maximum noise reduction rate of 1.72%,and noise is added to the nose and the top of the car.It can be seen that by adding a convex hull in the head car,the turbulence characteristics of the boundary layer can be changed to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the train and reduce the aerodynamic noise at some positions.

关 键 词：车辆工程 高速列车 边界层控制 非光滑表面 凸包 减阻 降噪 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]