蒜头果油水化脱胶和碱炼脱酸工艺优化  

Optimization of hydration degumming and alkali deacidification of Malania oleifera oil

作　　者：胡祥 刘云 杨晶晶 王春倩 阚欢 HU Xiang;LIU Yun;YANG Jingjing;WANG Chunqian;KAN Huan(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Life Science,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生命科学学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《中国油脂》2020年第8期9-13,共5页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：云南省卓越工程师教育培养计划(514006110)。

摘　　要：以蒜头果毛油为原料,采用单因素试验研究了水化脱胶过程中磷酸添加量、水添加量、脱胶温度和脱胶时间对脱胶率的影响,采用正交试验优化了工艺条件;采用单因素试验研究了碱炼脱酸过程中超碱量、碱液质量分数和脱酸温度对脱酸率的影响,并用响应面试验优化了工艺条件。结果表明:最优的脱胶工艺条件为磷酸添加量0.4%、水添加量4%、脱胶温度30℃、脱胶时间50 min,此条件下脱胶油磷脂含量降至0.023 mg/g,脱胶率可达98.67%;最优的碱炼脱酸工艺条件为超碱量0.2%、碱液质量分数10%、脱酸温度40℃、脱酸时间30 min,此条件下脱酸油的酸价(KOH)降至0.34 mg/g,脱酸率达96.79%。With crude Malania oleifera oil as material,the effects of amount of phosphoric acid, amount of water, degumming temperature and degumming time on degumming rate in hydration degumming process were studied by single factor experiment,and the process was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The effects of amount of excess alkali, alkali mass fraction and deacidification temperature on deacidification rate in alkali deacidification process were studied by single factor experiment,and the process was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the degumming rate could reach 98.67% with the phospholipid content 0.023 mg/g of degummed oil under the conditions of amount of phosphoric acid 0.4%, amount of water 4%, degumming temperature 30℃ and degumming time 50 min. The deacidification rate could reach 96.79% with the acid value 0.34 mgKOH/g of deacidified oil under the conditions of amount of excess alkali 0.2%, alkali mass fraction 10%, deacidification temperature 40℃ and deacidification time 30 min.

关 键 词：蒜头果油 精炼 水化脱胶 碱炼脱酸 工艺优化 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS224[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]