“穷则变,变则通,通则久”:郑观应育才取士思想评析  

“Poverty Needs Change to Keep a Lasting Peaceful Society”:Analysis of Zheng Guanying’s Thought of Cultivating and Selecting Talents

作　　者：毛鹏程 Mao Pengcheng(Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《考试研究》2020年第5期99-105,共7页Examinations Research

摘　　要：郑观应批判晚清科制以八股取士,导致士人习用脱节,认为此法非富国强民之正道。他从自身应考科举与考察西洋诸国教育经历出发,主张通过学习西方现代学校与考试之制,培养与选拔实学实用人才,并由此提出一套具体的改良思想,包括废除时文、变更考试内容、特设西学专科、完善分级分类办学制度、扩充文武教学科目、强调教学循序而进。郑观应育才取士思想于清末产生积极影响,但并未意识到只重改良而不加革废,不能从根本上解决晚清科制固疾及其与学校间日益激烈的矛盾与冲突。Zheng Guanying criticized the imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty for taking eight-legged essay to select talents,which led to the divorce between theory and practice.He thought this method was not the right way to enrich the country and build up the people.Based on his own experience of taking the imperial examination and inspecting the education system of various western countries,he advocated to cultivate and select practical talents by studying the modern western school and examination system.Therefore,he put forward a set of specific ideas for improvement,including abolishing the eight-legged essay,changing the examination content,setting up some special college of Western learning,improving the classifying school running system,expanding the teaching subjects and emphasizing the step by step teaching principle.Zheng Guanying’s thought of cultivating and selecting talents had a positive influence in the late Qing Dynasty,but he did not realize that he only paid attention to improve rather than abolish the imperial examination system,which could not fundamentally solve its abuses and the increasingly fierce conflicts between the system and the school.In this way,we should treat his thoughts dialectically so as to provide beneficial thinking and reference for the current education and examination reform.

关 键 词：郑观应 育才取士 科举与学校改革 实学实用 中体西用 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]