中国古代思想中的形而上学与历史理性  

Metaphysics and Historical Reason in Ancient China

作　　者：陈宁 CHEN Ning(Department of Religious Studies,SCU,Santa Clara CA95053,USA)

机构地区：[1]圣塔克拉拉大学宗教研究系,圣塔克拉拉CA95053

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期117-132,共16页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：刘家和先生通过比较研究,提出古代中国的思想以“历史理性”占主导地位而西方的是“逻辑理性”统摄一切。差异的形成,绝非来自单一的原因。本文试图提出一个可能的原因。其方法是,将中国的历史理性置于形而上学的大框架中考察,检测二者是否有关联。如果有,那么形上学背景就可以被认为是出现历史理性的原因之一。笔者借助当前西方汉学界对中国形而上学的综合研究,归纳出三个普遍的重要的特点:内在性、整体性、超越在场性。然后,将这三方面的特点与历史理性进行比较,发现历史理性完全符合形而上学的特点。为了印证这一吻合的合理性,本文又分析了西方形而上学与历史理性的脱节现象。本文最后总结了中国历史理性的几个特点:(1)历史是变化的,而在变化中,在场与不在场的因素交互出现是常态,体现了变中有常和常中有变的思想。(2)历史变化的原因在于宇宙实在的本质就是变化,人是宇宙整体的一部分,当然受到自然规律的影响。(3)历史理性的功利色彩十分明显,目的是实现社会秩序与自然秩序的稳定。(4)中国的历史理性,不只体现于少数人的文字中,还是知识界普遍具有的。Based on his study of comparative philosophy between ancient China and the West,Prof.LIU Jiahe set forth an argument that historical reason played a dominant role in Chinese thoughts,while logical reason occupied a leading position in Western thoughts.Those differences must have come from a number of ways.This article tries to offer a solution pertaining to the causes of such differences by placing historical reason against the background of Chinese metaphysics to decern if there are tangible similarities.If so,then metaphysical framework could be identified as one of the factors responsible for the rise of historical reason in China.This article has relied on the prominent features of Chinese metaphysics studied and outlined by Sinologists in modern Western academic circles.There are at least three characteristics,namely,immanent,holistic,and transcending the present.It is discovered that all three metaphysical features found their way into historical reason,which indicates that historical reason is by no means formed randomly.To support this argument,this article brings the reader's attention to the relative lacking of historical reason in Western metaphysical philosophy,which priorities logical reason.In conclusion,four features of Chinese historical reason are identified as follows.1)History is always in a flux of changes,in which present factors alternate with absent factors.Since alternation is constant,the idea of change and constancy becomes dialectical.2)The cause of changes in history lies in the fact that the cosmological nature is being changing,and it is natural to see history is in a flux of changes,since human beings are part of the cosmos.3)Historical reason carries with it a strong unitarian purpose:stability in social as well as natural order.4)Historical reason can be identified in the whole academic circles rather than held by a few.

关 键 词：刘家和 形而上学 历史理性 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K092[历史地理—历史学]