不同轨道结构形式下地铁车辆部件振动及应力分析  

Vibration and Stress Analysis of Subway Vehicle Components in Different Track Structure Forms

作　　者：周磊[1,2] 张政[1] 张合吉[2] 吴磊 王衡禹[2] ZHOU Lei;ZHANG Zheng;ZHANG Heji;WU Lei;WANG Hengyu(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Croup Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,湖北武汉430063 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [3]西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《机械》2020年第9期17-24,共8页Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51775454);四川省区域创新合作项目(2020YFQ0024);铁四院产品研发课题(2018C10)。

摘　　要：国内某地铁线路主要存在普通短轨枕整体道床、12 mm弹性短轨枕整体道床、18 mm弹性短轨枕整体道床三种轨道结构形式,为了研究不同轨道结构形式下车辆部件振动加速度及应力的差异,通过现场测试和数值分析的方法,对该地铁车辆部件运行状态及特性进行调查。通过对比测试数据发现,在该线路普通短轨枕整体道床上运行时,车辆部件振动加速度RMS值、一系钢弹簧应力RMS值均超过其他两种轨道结构形式上测试结果的两倍,在不同轨道结构形式下,车辆部件振动加速度、一系钢弹簧应力测试数据的特征峰值频率均与对应区段轨道表面不平顺通过频率吻合。基于线性累计损伤理论,结合一系钢弹簧应力测试结果计算弹簧疲劳寿命发现,在12 mm和18 mm弹性短轨枕整体道床线路运行时,弹簧的疲劳寿命达到设计要求;在该线路普通弹性短轨枕整体道床线路运行时的弹簧疲劳寿命远小于其他两种轨道结构形式下的计算结果,仅9.77万公里。There are three types of track structures in a domestic subway line:general short sleeper monolithic trackbed,12 mm elastic short sleeper monolithic trackbed,and 18 mm elastic short sleeper monolithic trackbed.Field test and numerical analysis methods were conducted to investigate the running status and characteristics of the subway vehicle components.By comparing the test data,the RMS value of the vibration acceleration of the vehicle components and the RMS value of the stress of the first series of steel springs was found to be more than twice the test results of the other two track structure forms when running on the general short sleeper monolithic trackbed.The characteristic peak frequencies of the vibration acceleration of the vehicle components and the stress test data of a series of steel springs all coincide with the irregular passage frequency of the track surface of the corresponding section.Based on the linear cumulative damage theory and combined with a series of steel spring stress test results to calculate the spring fatigue life,it was found that the fatigue life of the spring meets the design requirements when running on the 12 mm and 18 mm elastic short sleeper monolithic track.The fatigue life of the spring when running on the general short sleeper monolithic track is much shorter than the calculation results under the other two types of track structure,which is only 97,700 kilometers.

关 键 词：轨道结构形式 车辆部件振动 一系钢弹簧 疲劳寿命 

分 类 号：U270.14[机械工程—车辆工程]