民事送达的目的观转向与制度修正--从偏重通知义务履行到保障受通知权的并重  

The Change of Purpose View and System Amendment of Civil Service--Attach Equal Importance to the Performance of Notification Obligation and the Protection of the Right to be Informed

作　　者：曲昇霞[1] Qu Shengxia

机构地区：[1]扬州大学法学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2020年第5期88-97,共10页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(17BFX051)“民事诉讼当事人辩论权保障研究”。

摘　　要：我国现行民事送达制度目的定位偏差,立法供给不足,造成程序推进和当事人权利保障的失衡,是"送达难"产生的主因。在尊重当事人主体性的现代民事诉讼中,保障当事人辩论权的行使应成为送达的根本目的。以当事人本位取代现有的职权本位重塑民事送达目的观,以辩论权保障与程序推进相结合的方式,将送达的完成分解为通知义务的适当履行与受通知权的正当行使,是理顺民事送达改革的关键。通知义务的履行应合理扩展送达主体,充实法定送达地址,完善送达方式的内在逻辑,并以当事人是否有机会知悉诉讼资料与参与诉讼进程为送达合法性的判断标准。明确当事人诉讼促进义务,以当事人送达地址申报取代送达地址确认制度,并以系统的送达证明制度修正送达回证,使送达完成不再受制于受送达人的"负面情绪",回归送达制度保障辩论权行使与推进诉讼进行的应然状态。The deviation from the purpose orientation of current civil service system in China and the serious shortage of civil service legislation,results in the imbalance between the promotion of procedure and the protection of the rights of the parties,which is the main cause of the"difficulty with service".In modern civil litigation which respects the subjectivity of the parties,to guarantee the exercise of the parties’right to argument should become the fundamental purpose of service.The key to promote the reform of civil service is to replace the existing authority standard with the party standard to reshape the view of civil service purpose,to combine the protection of the right to argument with the advancement of procedure,and to break the completion of service into the fulfillment of the obligation to notify and the exercise of the right to be informed.The fulfillment of notification obligation should reasonably expand the subject of service,enrich the direct service system,improve the internal logic of the mode of service,and take whether the parties have the opportunity to be informed of the litigation information and participate in the litigation process as the criteria for judging the legality of service.Through clarifying the party’s obligation of litigation promotion,replacing the system of service address confirmation with the party’s obligation of service address declaration,and using the system of service certificate to modify serve back certificate,the completion of service is no longer subject to the"negative emotion"of the addressee and returns to the state-should-be in which the system of service guarantees the exercise of right of argument and promotes the proceedings.

关 键 词：民事送达 送达目的观 辩论权 通知义务 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]