《左传》叙事成就与中国古典史学的诞生  

On the Narrative Achievements of Zuo Zhuan and the Birth of Chinese Classical Historiography

作　　者：马卫东 Ma Weidong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院中国史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2020年第8期91-103,282,共14页Social Science Front

基　　金：吉林大学廉政研究与教育中心项目(2015LZY035);吉林大学种子基金项目(2015ZZ011)。

摘　　要：《左传》以叙事的方式,全方位地叙述了春秋时期黄河、长江中下游地区齐、晋、秦、楚、鲁等几十个诸侯国255年间的历史,堪称中国古代叙事史的第一个范本。《左传》历史叙事的重大成就在于:实现了从历史记事到历史叙事的飞跃;用历史叙事方式全方位叙述历史;以多种史料的广泛收集与辨别、取舍为叙事的依据与前提条件;在叙事中孕育了纪传、纪事本末体的雏形;首创以文辞叙事的历史文学样本;开启了中国史学以史为鉴叙事传统之先河。《左传》具有丰富的史学内涵。它的问世,是中国古典史学诞生的标志。《左传》与希罗多德的《历史》,几乎同时问世于中西文明的轴心时代,可谓轴心时代中西古典史学的双璧。Zuo Zhuan narrates the 255 years of history of dozens of vassal states,such as Qi,Jin,Qin,Chu and Lu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in the Spring and Autumn Period,which deserves to be the first model of ancient Chinese narrative history.The great achievements of historical narration of Zuo Zhuan is embodied in the following aspects:realizing the leap from historical record to historical narration;narrating history in an all-round way by means of historical narration;taking the extensive collection and identification of various historical materials as the basis and prerequisite for narration;breeding the embryo of the biographical style of the history books and the genre of historical records narrating the whole course of an event from the beginning to the end;initiating the Chinese historical literature samples;opening up the tradition of learning from history by narration,which,as a whole,enriches Zuo Zhuan’s historical connotation.Its emergence symbolizes the birth of Chinese classical historiography.Zuo Zhuan and Herodotus’s History appeared almost at the same time in the axial age of Chinese and Western civilization,and both are described as two precious gems of Chinese and Western classical historiography at that time.

关 键 词：《左传》 历史叙事 古典史学 纪传体 纪事本末体 以史为鉴 春秋 

分 类 号：K231[历史地理—历史学] K877.2[历史地理—中国史]