高纯锗晶体的研究进展  

Research Progress of High Purity Germanium Crystals

作　　者：朱显超 林泉[1] 马远飞 霍承松[1] 冯德伸[1] 郑安生[1] Zhu Xianchao;Lin Quan;Ma Yuanfei;Huo Chengsong;Feng Deshen;Zheng Ansheng(GRINM Electro-Optic Materials Co.,Ltd.,General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院,有研光电新材料有限责任公司,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2020年第8期876-885,共10页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：河北省科技计划项目(15211103D)资助。

摘　　要：高纯锗晶体是制备工艺复杂难度较大的高端光电材料。高纯锗晶体可用于制作高纯锗探测器,在核物理、粒子物理、天体物理、核安全、微量元素分析、安检及国防等领域具有广泛应用。随着国内外核电和暗物质探测实验的快速发展,对高纯锗探测器的需求逐渐扩大,因而高纯锗晶体具有广阔的市场前景。高纯锗晶体的制备研究受到持续关注,欧美国家已经实现高纯锗晶体的商业化生产,国内目前正在开展高纯锗晶体的研制工作,但尚未制备出探测器级高纯锗晶体。高纯锗晶体的制备过程主要包括多晶制备和单晶生长两方面,其中多晶制备是高纯锗晶体制备的关键步骤。简要介绍了高纯锗晶体的发展历史和研究现状,详细论述了高纯锗晶体的制备方法,着重对高纯锗晶体的制备工艺、性能表征、基本特性和应用进展进行总结,最后指出了高纯锗晶体研究中亟待解决的问题和发展趋势。High purity germanium(HPGe)crystal is a high-end optoelectronic material involving complicated preparation process and extreme fabrication difficulty.HPGe crystal can be used to fabricate HPGe detector,which has been extensively utilized in various fields including nuclear physics,particle physics,astrophysics,nuclear safety,trace element analysis,security check and national defense.The rapid development of nuclear power and dark matter searching experiment both at home and abroad has greatly increased the demand for HPGe detector,thus HPGe crystal has broad market prospects in the future.The preparation of HPGe crystal has received increasing attention.The commercial production of HPGe crystal has been realizedin the west.However,the fabrication of HPGe crystal is still being carried out and detector-grade HPGe crystal has not yet been reported in China.Fabrication of HPGe crystal involves two major steps:preparation of polycrystalline germanium and single crystal growth,while preparation of polycrystalline germanium is the critical step.In this paper,the development history and research status of HPGe crystal were briefly introduced,and the preparation method of HPGe crystal was mainly reviewed.Additionally,the preparation technique,performance characterization,basic properties and application advances of HPGe crystal were summarized in detail.Finally,the problems should be solved and development trend in HPGe crystal research were presented.

关 键 词：高纯锗晶体 多晶制备 单晶生长 高纯锗探测器 

分 类 号：TM23[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]